Evaluation of Effectiveness of Community Care Fund...

Community Care Fund (CCF), established in early 2011, aims at providing assistance to people who fall outside the social safety net but are facing financial difficulties, and also to those who are within the safety net but are not particularly helped due to special circumstances (Community Care Fund, 2013). This charitable trust fund is planned to collect 5 billions dollars from the government and the business sector respectively, which will be utilized by the CCF Task Force under the Commission on Poverty of the Hong Kong Government. It is believed that through the cooperation between the Government and the business sector, social problems could be alleviated. However, business firms only donated 1.25 billions dollars till now, far below†¦show more content†¦The reasons behind are multifold. Tycoons like Ronnie Chan, the chairperson of Hang Lung Group, rejected to join the CCF because of the lack of participation by corporations in the decision-making role of the fund, whic h makes him doubt the effectiveness of the CCF (Apple Daily, 2011). Others like James Tien critized that alternatives like donating to charities lower the necessity of the CCF, making it become a tax posed on the rich (Apple Daily, 2011). The Government later decided that this project cannot rely on the business side as a result of the indifference of corporations. In 2013 Policy Address, the Government mentioned that it would later put an extra of 15 billions dollars into this fund. The above showed the failure of the CCF in fulfilling one of its objectives, that is to even the financial burden through the cooperation between the Government and business entities. Some legislators even pointed out that the nature of this scheme even changed from a CSR project into a governmental scheme. The Government has already taken the decision-making role of the fund. Now, even over 94% of the fund is provided from public treasury (Singtao, 2013). Another objective is to help the poor that is not covered by the social safety net, or do not receive any specific help from the Government (CommunityShow MoreRelatedPublic Health Policy And The Care Crisis942 Words   |  4 Pagesgaps in the future of health care crisis. The purpose is to protect the underserved and underinsured population by the need to propose public health policy to safeguard individual’s health (Laureate Education, 2012). By protecting community health, in turn, helps control the cost of the over-burdensome healthcare expenses (Getzen, 2013). A public health professional has an obligation to influence the health status through evidence-based policymaking needed to intervene for policy makers. Given financialRead MoreDevelopment Of The Current Nursing3012 Words   |  13 Pagespast that directly influenced the development of the current nursing and that molded system wide health care, related to nursing. With this paper, we can demonstrate how throug hout the history of nursing, have been necessary changes related to the overcoming of the nurse; the need to implement titles and different categories to make effective the intellectual grade of our nurses and the effectiveness of its work. We will also try the differences and importance of different levels of nursing and howRead MorePromotional Exam Econs10149 Words   |  41 Pagesabout a third of the world average† – concept of price ceiling. Price ceiling is the maximum price set by the government. With reference to Fig. 1, the world average market price is Pw where the demand curve intersects with the supply curve. China sets its price below the world average market price at Pc. [1] †¢ Diagram [1] [pic] Figure 1: Price ceiling (Pc) set by China Government to cap Price of Water Alternative answer 1. Subsidies ↠ a simple case of subsidies affectingRead MoreAl Gore Famously Stated On The Threat Of Climate Change6568 Words   |  27 PagesAl Gore famously stated on the threat of climate change â€Å"The good news is, we have everything we need now to respond to the challenge of global warming. . . . But we should not wait, we cannot wait, we must not wait.† In the early 2000s, the international community was uncertain on how best to address climate change and ensure the world’s increasing development was sustainable. In 2008, the World Bank launched the â€Å"Strategic Framework for Development and Climate change† to jump-start public andRead MoreDesigning Healthcare Services For The Care Of Frail Older People : How Collective Leadership Is Driving Quality And Efficiency3389 Words   |  14 PagesDesigning Healthcare Services for the Care of Frail Older People: How Collective Leadership is Driving Quality and Efficiency for Older Persons Services in the NHS. Introduction The NHS is facing an unprecedented challenge of finding ways to manage an ever increasing aging population. This should be a cause for celebration as it reflects the many successes and advances in health and social care since the inception of the NHS. Indeed in many ways these facts represent the NHS achieving what it setRead MoreThe Impact of National Poverty Eradication Programme (Napep) on Economic Development of Nigeria13910 Words   |  56 Pagesor consumption oriented. Thus the poor are conceived as those individuals or households in a particular society, incapable of purchasing a specified basket of basic goods and services. Basic goods as used here include; food, shelter, water, health care, access to productive resources including education, working skill and tools, political and civil rights to participate in decisions concerning socio-economic conditions (Ajakaiye and Adeyeye 2001 in Gbosi, 2004). It is generally agreed that in conceptualizingRead MoreFeatures of Shrm H uman Resources Function5768 Words   |  24 Pagesgoal achievement and help in determining rewards. Macquarie Bank pays well for their employee through rewards and compensation. â€Å"At Macquarie, you are recognized and rewarded for your hard work. Managers care about their staff, and are not full of empty promises.† Kelly-Marie, Macquarie Bank Funds Management Group Manager (2009) said. They are firm in what they are stand for, â€Å"Macquarie aspires to be a pre-eminent provider of financial services over the long haul.† (From Macquarie Bank homepage,Read MoreProject Management Infomaton System48477 Words   |  194 PagesInformation System Rodolfo Siles, 2004 CARE DME-IS GUIDELINES â€Å"Knowledge about how to treat such a simple ailment as diarrhea has existed for centuries but millions of children continue to die from it because their parents do not know how to save them†¦.Fighting poverty requires a global strategy to share knowledge systematically and energetically and to ensure that people who need that knowledge get it on time†. The World Bank Page 2 CARE DME-IS GUIDELINES Table of Contents Read MoreFamily Tree19118 Words   |  77 Pagesdefinitions state that the ultimate goal of â€Å"development communication† is to raise the quality of life of populations, including increase income and well-being, eradicate social injustice, promote land reform and freedom of speech, and establish community centers for leisure and entertainment (Melkote 1991, 229). The current aim of development communication is to remove constraints for a more equal and participatory society. Although a multiplicity of theories and concepts emerged during the pastRead MoreFiscal Policy Role and Development in Bulgaria and Eu7949 Words   |  32 PagesInternational Finances R e p o r t Fiscal policy role and development in Bulgaria and in the EU Fiscal policy is a set of measures by the government aimed to slow or stimulate the economy. Such measures are changes in tax policy and government spending. With the changes that are made the government influence directly to the demand. Fiscal policy is based on the theories of the British economist John Maynard Keynes. The idea is that the state can influence the economy by increasing or reducing

Discussion of Margaret Atwoods Rape Fantasies Essay

Discussion of Margaret Atwoods Rape Fantasies The author of the short story Rape Fantasies is Margaret Atwood - She is a renowned Canadian writer of poetry and fiction, she is best known for her novel The Handmaids Tail. The short story that I chose Rape Fantasies comes from Atwood?s first collection of short stories called Dancing girls and Other Stories. ?Remember no one can make you feel inferior without your consent? Eleanor Roosevelt The story Rape Fantasies is about a bunch of females who are sitting around the lunch room during their lunch hour talking about fantasies that they consider to be called ?Rape Fantasies?. The story came about because society has made rape a big†¦show more content†¦We begin with Greta, a blonde with an attitude. She wants all of her peers to admire her. She believes that she is one of the best people at their job. Her fantasy begins in a place where most rape assaults happen, in the victim?s home. Out of reality and back to fantasy she sees a man dressed as a burglar climb onto her balcony on the 18th floor, coming into her apartment and stealing her body. Like most rape cases she did use force of resistance so she allowed him to finish the act of trying to overpower someone. This gives me the assumption that rape to her takes place in a comfortable environment. Were you?re helpless and feel that there is no importance to resisting. The thing that sticks out about rape to her is how the person gets to you. In the story she gave more details about that than the rape its self. In this case her rapist was swinging from balcony to balcony raping the females in her building. Then you have the other overly confident blonde. Her name is Chrissy. Through the story you will find that most people go by the facts of places were rape occurs because just like Greta, Chrissie?s rape fantasy takes place in her home. Chrissy starts of in a particular room in the house , a room that you would think a person would have to really be looking for you to rape in order to go their , the bathroom. In her fantasy she sees herself getting raped in the

Machiavelli was influenced by Plato and Aristotle - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 979 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category People Essay Level High school Topics: Niccolo Machiavelli Essay Did you like this example? In Machiavellis writing, it gives the reader a window to see into what he perceives as virtue. He was a philosopher who believed in the ideals of an authoritative figure being there to guide, or uphold his followers similar as a pillar, with respect and leadership. Although, Machiavellis theory is quite different, and in some way contradicts, from other philosophers, it is still respected and at times, proven by people of high authority. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Machiavelli was influenced by Plato and Aristotle" essay for you Create order Machiavelli was influenced by philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, and it is for that reason he is able to make theoretical arguments. His influence from philosophers before him is quite different due to the way that he rejected Aristotles theory of virtue completely. Although, his opinion based on his knowledge and understanding of virtue differed greatly, he did create his own definition of what he believed virtue to be. Machiavelli rejected Aristotles philosophy of virtue. He, instead, believed that virtue was strength power, excellence and rigor. He, too, held a strong rejection of traditional morality. There was an idea that a man concerned with the future should always follow in the footsteps of men who were excellent for if he does not succeed at the very least, he was on the right path. Imitation of those who were in power, no matter how good or bad they ruled, was how someone achieved excellence. He also spoke of Brother Girolamo who could not make the unbelievers believe in his new orders. If he would have overcome the difficulties in conducting his affairs then he would have showed a great deal of virtue. a n example referred to is a dominican friar by the name of Savonarola, praised for his accomplishment of convincing Florentines that he spoke with God, by Machiavelli even though it led to his terrible end. He then continues to say that once they were held in great respect with no more c oncerns for those who envy them, they remain powerful, secure, honored, and happy (Machiavelli 24-25). Respect was what held them in power, but also what kept them content. Once there was no more respect from the people who followed them then they lost their virtue of strength. Aristotles theory of virtue was that good habits of the soul by which we act attain happiness. The approach Machiavelli took of virtue was quite different from Aristotles theory. Throughout the text, Machiavelli expressed his belief that virtue was based on the power and strength of an individual. His use of virtue can cause issues in how his theory of virtue is used. His theory of virtue can be problematic depending on the situation. For example, in the story of Alexander VI after all was said and done, Machiavelli said that his choices when using his power and trying to accomplish more led to his ruin. The intentions to gain control of other states through disorder led the duke to have many unresolved issues that eventually caught up to him. In the text he says whoever believes that among great personages new benefits will make old injuries be forgotten deceives himself (Machiavelli 33). Part of his theory of virtue is the rejection of traditional morality which can be interpreted as even the strong and powerful are not immortal. Even the strongest people can be too confident in their strength that lead to issues for those in authority or other positions. Alexander VI was the first relevant figure that Machiavelli employs to express his idea of virtue. The situation of Alexander VI started with making his son, the duke, great. He then wanted to make his son the lord of a state of the church, but he knew it was not possible due to the circumstances. The power was long under the protection of individuals that would not consent to it as well as to those who feared the greatness of the pope that he could not trust. His use of his own power was to create disorder in the states so he could make himself lord over them. There was some effort that was needed on his part which led him to create friendships with other places. Although, his intentions did seem to be wrongful by the way he chose to achieve his goal, Machiavelli did make sure that he was praised for helping others. Machiavelli begins by saying And because this point is deserving of notice and of being imitated by others which is in reference to the duke creating a place of peace a nd control in Romagna (Machiavelli 29). Eventually, Machiavelli does say he did believe that some of his other choices led to his ultimate ruin. Specifically referring to the issues he left behind that eventually caught up to the duke no matter how much he tried to escape them. Most philosophers hold their own theory of what virtue really means and Machiavelli is no different. His theory differs most noticeably from Aristotles although both philosophers have reasons to believe their theories. The theory of virtue that Machiavelli believed in was expressed through many individuals. There was also multiple of other characteristics that Machiavelli praised besides the use of strength of those in power. For instance, in some cases it seemed better to praise the accomplishments of the men who used the power they had to help others such as it was for the case of the duke. He clarified that they were still capable of making mistakes that could ruin the progress they made, because they were not immortal. In other cases, it appeared that devious behavior was praised for gaining more power over others. In the case of Alexander VI he wanted to use disorder to accomplish his goal. Machiavellis theory of virtue overall incorporates many possibilities of what good and b ad power and strength can be interpreted as along with what it can do to a person if not used logically.

The Birth Of The Monastic Movement Affect Augustine s...

†¢ Augustine- Born in North Africa, becomes the bishop of Hippo and writes the confessions †¢ Monica- Augustine’s mother and a devoted Christian †¢ Adeodatus- He was a â€Å"gift from God† and was very unhappy when he lost his partner after 13 years †¢ Manicheism- a new religion, Augustine became part of this religion when he was about 20 years old. †¢ Elect- Special people were vegetarians and are certain fruits and vegetables. †¢ Hearers- People that were forbidden from the Elects. †¢ Ambrose of Milan- a Christian bishop and also a provincial governor. †¢ Donatists- were the opponents of Caecilian †¢ original sin- The idea that Adam and Eve ruined the human nature. †¢ Pelagius- Is a monk that is from Britain and went to Rome. †¢ Predestination- The idea that God damned people before hand. Respond to the Following questions 1 to 2 full paragraphs each: 1. How did the rise of the monastic movement affect Augustine s thinking about marriage in his Confessions? The monastic movement was questioning if it was the right thing to do, leaving the city to follow the Christian faith. The main idea that was on Christians minds was of sex, marriage, property and a career. Augustine wants to be baptized under the Christian faith when he was 33 years old because he made the decision that he was going to renounce about marriage and a successful career. When he wrote in his book the Confessions being married â€Å"Christians seemed like a pale approximation of authentic Christianity.†( The Christian

Coffee Shop Draft Proposal Free Essays

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION From a cultural standpoint, coffeehouses largely serve as centers of social interaction. The coffeehouse provides social members with a place to cognate, talk, write, read, entertain one another, or pass the time, whether individually or in small groups of 2 or 3. Every Morning it will not be complete without breakfast and a cup of coffee in the table of the Filipinos. We will write a custom essay sample on Coffee Shop Draft Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes they only drink coffee to fill up their stomach when they are in hurry for office or even for school; it keeps them awake. They say that it help’s blood to flow better. Coffee shops or coffeehouses have been in use since 16th century, particularly in the Middle East, where Turkish coffee house was drunk and men played board games or read books and listened to music. Many people find that coffee contains stimulants called caffeine. Filtering hot water through ground beans makes the best. A special filter for coffee is used to create such aroma, and when settled, and turned into a ground-powdered coffee, just a hot water will do the rest. Many people drink instant coffee, as it is quick and easy to prepare. Evaporating huge amounts of prepared coffee makes instant coffee powder. The powder dissolves in hot water to make a coffee drink instantly. Coffee is drunk by about one third of the word people making the most popular beverages after tea. Coffee shops are establishments where people gather to enjoy a cup of coffee. In most shops, there is a wide range of options with the type of coffee drinks offered, starting with plain coffee and moving through a selection of specialty coffee drinks that are often difficult to find at restaurants and other locations. Many shops of this type also offer a limited selection of food and other beverages, making them ideal for a quick snack or a light meal. In some cases, the coffee shop is part of a large corporation. When this is the case, decisions about what types of coffee are sold are made at corporate level. The corporation will often have specific instructions as to the type of coffee maker that is used in the shop, as well as a particular brand of coffee roaster for the raw coffee beans that are purchased in bulk and resold to the local franchises. This uniform approach makes it possible for the same level of quality to be found at any coffee shop associated with the corporation. While the idea of a coffee shop was once limited to metropolitan areas, shops of this type are now found in many smaller towns and even some rural areas. With a product line built around one of the most popular beverages in the world, a coffee shop stands an excellent chance of becoming a popular gathering spot, assuming the location is good and the prices are within reason. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study seems to determine the feasibility of establishing a coffee shop at. This study has the following areas of concern: MARKETING ASPECT 1. Who will be the possible costumers? 2. What is the potential target of the coffee shop business? 3. What marketing strategy should be adopted in order to assure the success of the business? 4. What is the present demand and supply situation for the project and prosperity for the future? 5. What is the primary target market of the business? OPERATIONAL ASPECT 1. What are the machines and equipment’s that will be needed for the operation? 2. Where will be the project should be located and why that place is suitable for the proposed project? 3. What form of machines will be most appropriate and effective for the proposed project? 4. How to determine the place suited for business? 5. How many machines needed for the operation of the business? ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECT 1. What will be the organization set up of the business? 2. What benefits should be given to the staff? 3. What will be the human resource requirement of the project their qualification and responsibilities? 4. What form of organization will be most appropriate and effective for the proposed project? . What management organization will adopt the policies and strategies to attain the objective of the project? FINANCIAL ASPECT 1. How much will be the total cost of the business? 2. What will be the primary financing the business? 3. How long will it take to recover the installed primary capital? 4. What financial strategies are to be adopted for the feasibility of t he project initial capitalization and growth? 5. How to determine the sources for financing the business? OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY This study was designed to determine the feasibility and accessibility of the Daniel Cafe at the Robinson’s Place Ermita, Manila The study aims to locate the best possible site for the type of coffee shop chosen, taking into consideration the degree of competition, the potential for growth and expansion, and the contribution to profit. The overall objective of the study is to determine feasibility of putting up this type of business (Coffee Shop) and to be able to determine the needs of the costumers. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The study undertakes to prove whether the proposed project would e feasible or not. The results of the study are significant with regard to following. With the establishment of this proposed project this can add revenue to the government because of the taxes it will pay. The proposed project will benefit the people by providing employment while also serving the public within an entertaining coffee shop. Individuals, researcher and students who are doing studies regarding this particular line of industry may in one way or another be benefited by the study and lastly it will provide employment to those who possesses necessary skills but are unemployed. They will be given the opportunity to utilize their talents if this study will be pushed through and materializes. In addition, people would engage putting up a coffee shop business, and therefore will be benefited of the different aspects in the same manner that this could be a help in the concepts. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY The scope of the study seems encompassing since the culture of coffee drinking is universal in nature and in all four corners of the world. However this study limits its scope to finding out why drinking coffee will persist even with the entry of different beverages. The study has limited its discussion on the Filipino culture in particular, the coffee drinking activity of its people based in Metro Manila. Taft Avenue is a place located in the center of Metro Manila, where one can find the bulk of the coffee shops. This place is frequently visited by the student and professionals coming from different part of Metro Manila. METHODOLOGY The realization of the study would seem impossible without the use of the researcher methods and techniques, which are fundamentals to the accumulation of data. The idea accumulation proper, the researcher made use of the analytical sampling technique which is appropriate in the date gathering for establishing the business. We also use straight line method in getting the data for the supply and demand computation. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE LOCAL LITERATURE So the coffeehouse — a so-called third place, beyond home and work, that the sociologist Ray Oldenburg has posited is crucial to developing a sense of place, civic engagement and democracy — offers an ever-dwindling opportunity â€Å"to share an experience in public,† Mr. Pendergrast said. Coffee shops have become driving forces in gentrifying areas, with merchant groups and development advocates looking to establish cafes to seed other types of mom-and-pop activity. In Ditmas Park, Brooklyn, a politically engaged coffeehouse called Vox Pop caused a minor sensation when it opened on Cortelyou Road in 2004, quickly becoming a symbol for what some saw as the neighborhood’s new cachet. It, too, has struggled financially in recent years, and it has managed to survive in part by selling shares to customers. Jan Rosenberg, a sociologist and real estate agent who has been active in spurring commercial development in the neighborhood, helped lure an outlet of the small chain Connecticut Muffin nearby. Now she is looking for a cafe for Newkirk Avenue a few blocks away. It brings a flock of people to a street — everyone likes a good cup of coffee — and it gives them a chance to sit down and bump into each other,† Ms. Rosenberg said. â€Å"It’s simple, really, but if you don’t have that and you’re always getting the train to go to work and getting your coffee there, you don’t have those bump-into-someo ne experiences, and that’s important in a city neighborhood. † FOREIGN LITERATURE The story of how coffee growing and drinking spread around the world is one of the greatest and most romantic in history. It starts in the Horn of Africa, in Ethiopia, where the coffee tree probably originated in the province of Kaffa. There are various fanciful but unlikely stories surrounding the discovery of the properties of roasted coffee beans. One story has it that an Ethiopian goatherd was amazed at the lively behaviour of his goats after chewing red coffee berries. What we know with more certainty is that the succulent outer cherry flesh was eaten by slaves taken from present day Sudan into Yemen and Arabia, through the great port of its day, Mocha, now synonymous with coffee. Coffee was certainly being cultivated in Yemen by the 15th century and probably much earlier than that. Mocha was also the main port for the one sea route to Mecca, and was the busiest place in the world at the time. But the Arabs had a strict policy not to export any fertile beans, so that coffee could not be cultivated anywhere else. The coffee bean is the seed of the coffee tree, but when stripped of its outer layers it becomes infertile. The race to make off with some live coffee trees or beans was eventually won by the Dutch in 1616, who brought some back to Holland where they were grown in greenhouses. Initially, the authorities in Yemen actively encouraged coffee drinking as it was considered preferable to the extreme side effects of Kat, a shrub whose buds and leaves were chewed as a stimulant. The first coffeehouses were opened in Mecca and were called ‘kaveh kanes’. They quickly spread throughout the Arab world and became successful places where chess was played, gossip was exchanged, and singing, dancing and music were enjoyed. They were luxuriously decorated and each had an individual character. Nothing quite like the coffeehouse had existed before: a place where society and business could be conducted in comfortable surroundings and where anyone could go, for the price of coffee. The Arabian coffeehouses soon became centres of political activity and were suppressed. Coffee and coffeehouses were subsequently banned several times over the next few decades, but they kept reappearing. Eventually a solution was found when coffeehouses and coffee were taxed. DEFINITION OF TERMS AROMA pleasant smell, good fragrance. BULK great in quantitative number or volume BUSHES a low shrub with way branches CAFFEINE organic compounds of the porcine ground, accruing in coffee shop bean tealeaf Cappuccino  A decadent combination of strong Espresso smoothed out with equal quantities of steamed milk and foamed milk, creating a luxurious cap that can be garnished with either chocolate or cinnamon powder. Usually presented in a large classic cup. COFFEE an evergreen shrubs, leaves ival, in opposite pairs flower white fragrant. COFFEE BEAN the seeds of the coffee plant COFFEE GRINDER a tool used in grinding coffee COFFEE HOUSE a shop selling coffeeand other refreshments especially one frequented in England. COFFEE SHOP small restaurant that maybe attach to a hotel, serving meals and snacks, especially coffee. CREAM the rich fatty part of milk Espresso A small but potent coffee served black, in a small demitasse cup or glass. Characterized by a flavor and aroma so intense they bite. The perfect Espresso can only be created by forcing water at 9 bar pressure and 88 C through a tightly compact wad of 8 grams of freshly ground coffee beans, producing 1. 7 fluid oz of coffee in exactly 22 seconds. Such precision is crucial for what is the base of most specialty coffees. Espresso is the fastest growing method of making coffee. All the other methods involve a ‘natural’ form of infusion, and for a small cost, you can have a system that will make acceptable coffee and quickly. High quality espresso is more expensive to make because extracting the greatest amount of flavor from the bean requires a high level of pressure (8-10 bar) and thus a high quality machine. Frappuccino is the name and registered trademark of a Starbucks blended ice beverage and a bottled coffee beverage. Starbucks says that its frappuccino recipe was invented in 1995 by Greg Rogers, an assistant manager of a Starbucks Store on Santa Monica’s Third Street Promenade and was launched on April Fool’s Day in 1995. The original frappuccino is a blend of ice and a mix constituted of coffee, water, milk, and various syrups. The result is a beverage that is a little icy like a slush, but with a consistency that is similar to a thin milkshake FILTERING a machine for percolating espresso one or preparing coffee as a drink by passing the boiling water repeatedly through the ground beans. HARVEST gathering in the ripened crops Macchiato A small strong coffee with a delicate first impression created by placing a small amount of foamed milk on top of the cream. Served in a demitasse cup or glass. A shot or two of espresso that has been poured into a cup filled with steamed milk and topped off with foamed milk (about a 1/4†³). MARKET a meeting of people for buying and selling merchandise RESTAURANT place for food and entertainment SEASON a period of time when something plentiful SUBTROPICAL the regions bordering on tropics SUGAR a white crystalline substance obtain from sugar cane TEA a shrub growing in china mixed with water VARIETY diversity, an assortment Questionnaire Please check the answer that suits for you 1. Do you love drinking coffee? __ Yes __ No 2. How often do you drink coffee? __ Once a day __ Twice a day __ 3 times or more 3. Do you prefer cheap coffees to expensive ones? __Yes __No 4. Which Coffee Products do you prefer? __Espresso __Brewed Coffee __Cappuccino __Frapuccino 5. Which do you prefer? __ Hot Coffee __ Cold Coffee CHAPTER II MARKETING ASPECT INDUSTRY PROFILE Coffee Shop industry in the Philippines is now flourishing because of the coming of different imported coffee shop usually from US. Unlike before when coffee shops were rarely found, now they are sprouting like mushrooms everywhere. The known ones are Starbucks Coffee, Seattle’s Best Coffee, Gloria Jeans, Coffee Bean and others. We only knew one which is Filipino owned, Figaro. Seeing their success in this industry, we would also like to have a share in the market and eventually outgrow those aliens. The competition will be tough, but still we are certain to have a â€Å"slice of the pie† through our extravagant coffee and service, with the lowest price as possible. Coffee shop is one of the most important establishments nowadays. Filipino loves to drink coffee. It is the place where everyone is longing for. As population increases, demands for coffee are also increase. These give opportunities for some establishment for coffee shop to become stable for its operation and its investor to become profitable. The present administration is inviting and encouraging entrepreneurs to put up small and medium scale establishments because it will create a big impact to the present status of our economy. Consumer taste and personal income drive demand. The profitability of individual companies depends on the ability to secure prime locations, drive store traffic, and deliver high-quality products. Large companies have advantages in purchasing, finance, and marketing. Small companies can compete effectively by offering specialized products, serving a local market, or providing superior customer service. Major products include beverages and food. Beverages include brewed coffee and tea; espresso drinks (cappuccinos, cafe lattes); cold blended beverages; bottled water; soft drinks; and juices. Food includes pastries, bakery items, desserts, sandwiches, and candy. Many coffee shops sell whole or ground coffee beans for home consumption. Some coffee shops sell coffee or espresso-making equipment, grinders, mugs, and other accessories. Most coffee shops serve high-quality, premium coffee known as specialty coffee. Coffee shops compete with businesses such as convenience stores, gas stations, quick service and fast food restaurants, gourmet food shops, and donut shops. DESCRIPTION AND USES OF THE PRODUCT Daniel’s Cafe offers a different flavor of coffee. Here in the properties of the products, the partners would like tell the necessary and mostly the basic in making the different flavors of coffee. It is nice to know how the products became as tasteful, what are the procedures, the ingredients that go into certain products. The Daniel’s Cafe will operate a self- service basis. The customer service starts their entry to the establishment. After the waiter crew had taken the orders an transmitted them to the food counter, customers are lined-up to pay their bills to the cashier. After the payment, the respective orders are served and the customers choose and sit on the tables an start to enjoy their coffee and food POPULATION / CONSUMER BEHAVIOR The progressive town of Manila. It has of population with in the vicinity. It is also accessible to some cities or town like Pasay, Quezon City, Marikina, Antipolo, Makati an etc. So even passerby may be attracted to our coffee shop. We want to cater to classes A, B, and C of the society who can affor our prices and amenities. Recreation is another thing we can offer. If they want to have fun an relaxation, Daniel’s Cafe is where they would want to be. DEMAND ANALYSIS To determined the historical demand of certain business is very important because this will serve as a guide for the computation of the future demand. It will based on the number of the target market. It is greatly needed to identify the demand situation. Our group conduct interview and distributed questionnaire near the location to acquire the necessary and needed information. Historical Demand Table 1 YEAR |DEMAND | |2008 |63,000 | |2009 |64,000 | |2010 |66,000 | |2011 |69. 000 | Projected Demand Table 2 YEAR |DEMAND | |2012 |63,544 | |2013 |64,523 | |2014 |65,675 | |2015 |66,554 | |2016 |66,777 | |2017 |67,999 | Supply Analysis Table 3 PRODUCT |2010 |2011 |2012 | |Coffee |9000 |10,000 |11,000 | |Sugar |9,000 |10,000 |11,000 | |Cream |7,000 |9,000 |12,000 | |Ice |5,000 |6,000 |7,000 | |Milk 4,000 |5,000 |6,000 | |Whip Cream |11,000 |12,000 |13,000 | |Choco |9,000 |10,000 |11,000 | |Iced Tea |11,000 |12,000 |13,000 | |Mocha |4,000 |5,000 |6,000 | |Strawberry |6,000 |7,000 |8,000 | |Mango |9,000 |10,000 |11,000 | |Apple |12,000 |13,000 |14,000 | |Berries |3,000 |4,000 |5,000 | |Other Fruits |6,000 |7,000 |8,000 | DEMANDS AND SUPPLY CONSOLIDATION It is the overall consolidation of supply and demand for the first year operation. Through this we could determine if the company will provide the required number of orders by saying solution or by having between supply and demand based in our findings the supply must than the demand it means that the consumers will not satisfy the product it means the market. PURCHASES Raw Materials Espresso Shot |Caffe latte | | | | |1 tsp espresso |1 tsp espresso | |? cup of steamed milk |? cup steamed milk | |1 tsp foamed milk |? cup foamed milk | |? cup aromatic cream |? up hot water | |? cup of hot water | | |Cappucino |Caffe Mocha | | | | |1/4 cup foamed milk |? cup whipped cream | |? cup steamed milk |? teamed milk | |1/4 cup espresso |1 tsp espresso | | |1 tsp mocha syrup | |Creamy Chocolate Frosting |Daniel’s Coffee | | | | |2 ? confectioners sugar |? steamed milk | |6 T unsweetened cocoa power |? rewed coffee | |6 T butter |1 tsp sugar | |5 T evaporated milk | | |1 T vanilla extract | | |Daniel’s Hot Tea |Satiny Chocolate Glaze | | | | |1 tsp brooked bond tea |? cup semisweet chocolate cake | |1 tsp sugar |3 T butter | |? cup steamed milk |? teaspoon vanilla extract | |? up hot water | | |Banana Brownie Cake |Rock Cake | | | | |1 cup all purpose cream |125 g strong flour | |3 T butter |100 ml milk | |1 T butter |125 g soft flour | |? t vanilla extract |10 g baking powder | |1 L ripe banana |Few drops lemon essence | |1 cup sugar |60 g mixed fruit egg wash | |2 egg whites |125 g margarine or butter | |? up buttermilk |25 g granulated sugar | |1 tsp vanilla extract |125 g castor sugar | | |1 egg | |Apple Cake |Cream of Chicken Soup | | | | |3 app les |125 g butter | |? up butter |125 g flour | |2 eggs |2 liters white chicken stock | |1 cup milk |200 ml cream | |3 cups all purpose flour |50 g butter | |1 tsp salt | | |Cream of Asparagus Soup |Cream of Cauliflower soup | | | | |125 g butter |125 g butter | |125 g flour |125 g flour | |2 L vegetable stock |2. L of vegetable stock | |800 g asparagus stalks |1 K cauliflower | |200 ml cream |1 bouquet | |50 g butter |200 ml cream | |Salt and pepper |50 g butter | |Cream of Mushroom Soup |Crumb | | | | |125 g butter |? cup flour | |125 g flour |? up sugar | |2 liters vegetable stock |1 cinnamon | |800 g mushroom |Dash nutmeg | |200 ml cream | | |50 g butter | | |Salt an pepper | | MARKETING STRATEGY/ MARKET PLANNING/ MARKET SEGMENTATION To attract different costumers business should have different strategies regarding their products and packing to satisfy the needs or wants of their costumers. A product is which produced by nature, labor, though and chemical change. PROMOTIONAL STRATEGY/ ACTIVITY We propose to have very heavy advertising by news paper, pamphlets, billboard and radio announcements as time passes the advertising will be weekly and monthly basis. Under the heading of sales promotion are many schemes deviser to ohld and attract costumer the proposed coffee shop will utilize different promotional materials such a different style of menu card, brochures, banners to attract costumers. Our target market is an urban place with many business establishments around having this set up, it will be easy for us to have more potential customers and be easy accessible to all. PRICING STRATEGY Since Daniel Cafe is using differentiation in quality of food and services as well in pricing too. Pricing of good is very important in competitive activity that’s why Paul’s Cafe comes up with low prices strategy. Its competitors are having quit higher prices that Paul’s Cafe SELLING PRICE/ COST PER UNIT People now a day would buy the best product in a lowest possible price. Our goal in prixing is to achieve the investment of the net sales, to stabilize prize and to improve market share and maximize the profit. Hot Drinks |8 oz |16 oz | |Brewed Coffee |39 Php |69 Php | |Espresso |45 Php |65 Php | |Cappuccino |45 Php |79 Php | |Cafe Latte |55 Php |75 Php | |Cafe Mocha |59 Php |79 Php | |Chocolate |45 Php |69 Php | |Steamed Milk |55 Php |67 Php | |Americano |66 Php | 79 Php | Cold Drinks |12 oz | |Ice Coffee |49 Php | |Decaf |59 Php | |Ice Cappucino |59 Php | |Ice Mocha |85 Php | |Ice Latte |69 Php | |Iced Tea |45 Php | |Chocolate |77 Php | |Chilled Milk |88 Php | CHAPTER III PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONAL ASPECT DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION PROCESS Production or Operational Aspect is important for every business. Business will be nothing without this aspect. The use of flow chart could help show the sequence of and the relationship of work until to another. First in the operation of Daniel’s Cafe is purchasing of much needed supply that is good for one month use of operation. Then this supply goes to designated operation channel, the ingredients needed in the operation for the one month will go directly in the coffee station. The production of goods will be at the business site itself. The Operational Aspect is very broad aspect. It focuses on the whole operation of the business from making the product to serving. He process should be well organized to produce a good quality of product at low operational cost. Daniel’s cafe offers a different flavor of coffee. Here in the properties of the products, the partners would like tell the necessary and mostly the basic in making the different flavors of coffee. It is nice to know how the products became as tasteful, what are the procedures, the ingredients that go into a certain products. OPERATING HOURS PAUL’S CAFE opens at 10:00 in the morning everyday to accommodate the early lunch crowd. It closes at 10:00 in the evening from Saturday to Sundays and at 12 midnight every Monday to Friday. It will operate 7 days a week. DESIGNING PRODUCTION FACILITY FLOOR PLAN PLANT LOCATION The business will be located at Robinson’s Place Manila. The site was chosen because it is strategically located in the middle of business or commercial district of Pedro Gil and school areas. The location and the size of the are to be rented are suitable to our proposed project. Hence, the area is accessible to any mode of transportation. PROFILE OF PLANT LOCATION PLANT LAYOUT The plant layout for the business should be drawn by the engineer in accordance with the design preferred by the partners it was located at Robinson’s place Ermita. It was a coffee garden style model. The area is about 61 square meters and it will be divided as the business required. It was a one story building but it has terraced outside and a parking lot for more convenient of our customers. PROPERTY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Espresso Machine Tea BrewersCoffee Decanters Decanters Gourmet WhipBlendersTables and Chairs INTERNAL CONTROL The proponents will maintain policy relative to the maintenance of accuracy and cleanliness in the work place. Garbage can and bags be distributed outside and inside. The next is the price of materials, the partners will look for the sources that can supply the quality raw materials at lower cost. Utilities are very important to our proposed business. The electricity, which supplies power for our coffee shop without the electricity the business, cannot continue for its operation. We need electricity for the lights, and for the machines making the coffee product. Electricity will coordinate to the office of MERALCO. Supply of water will also be important for us to be able to maintain the cleanliness of our business. Manila water will be our chosen supplier. Another important utility is telephone, which is used for communicating consumers and suppliers. The Philippine Long Distance Company will install this. QUALITY CONTROL TECHNIQUES The secret of good food lies in strict control. A quality control procedure id to be set up at Daniel’s Cafe that requires strict adherence from everybody. The manager will be held responsible for its strict implementation. Strict adherence to recipes is closely monitored and controlled to achieve the goal of standardized to quality. The recipes should have exact measurements and weights of the ingredients, the preparation and mixing instruction as well as the approved and tested substitution of the original recipe. One of the required policies that a coffee shop should implement is cleanliness of the business; we are looking forward to a coffee shop that will give our customer a welcome and relaxing ambience s they enter and realized the beauty of our coffee shop, offering good services and product. It is our one way of inviting customer to patronize our business. We assure our customers that our products will be dispose properly, on a right place for the assurance of their safety. CHAPTER IV ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ASPECT TYPE OF ORGANIZATION Partnership A partnership is a type of business entity in which partners (owners) share with each other the profits or losses of the business. Partnerships are often favored over corporations for taxation purposes, as the partnership structure does not generally incur a tax on profits before it is distributed to the partners (i. e. there is no dividend tax levied). However, depending on the partnership structure and the jurisdiction in which it operates, owners of a partnership may be exposed to greater personal liability than they would as shareholders of a corporation. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE Organizational structure are diagram forms representing the important aspect of an organization including their major functions and their corresponding relationship, the channels of supervision and the relative authority of each employees in charge of their respective function. The proposed business venture is intended to create market and to render processing services at affordable price. Taking into accounts is the size of the business its importance to determined the appropriate organizational structure which sole proprietorship, partnership or corporation. The proposed name will be â€Å"DANIEL’S CAFE†. The organizational structure will serve as useful tools in helping visualize the organization. The structure will indicate the difference function to be performed, the grouping relationship with one another. This will also serve as guide for everyone to know whom he/she will report. In making the organizational structure there are things to be considered. The first one is the efficiency that will come to the specialization, second is clarity of job definition. Internally, the company will employ laborers including the manager. The role of all partners will analyzed the flow of the business and will monitor from time to time. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE PERSONNEL AND LABORER REQUIREMENTS The proposed business implemented by establishing in the DANIEL’S CAFE shall consist of the following workers and personnel. |POSITION |NUMBER OF EMPLOYEESS | |GENERAL MANAGER |1 | |ADMIN SUPERVISOR |1 | |ACCOUNTANT |1 | |PURCHASER |1 |CLERK |1 | |CREW |3 | |CASHIER |1 | |SECURITY GUARD |1 | DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES MANAGER – Plans and organized for the operation of the business – Concern with planning activities and establishing goals and objectives – Responsible for organizing appropriate structure, staffing, directing and motivating employees to attain those objectives – Responsible for decision making Concern with controlling and evaluating employee’s performance SUPERVISOR – Must know all the operational transactions in the business – Responsible to establish an effective means of administrative control which will permit appropriate delegation on authority – Responsible of his subordinate ACCOUNTANT – S hall be responsible for the costing, recording and preparation of financial statements – Shall check daily sales reports of the coffee shop PURCHASER – Responsible to purchase all the inventory of the restaurant CASHIER – Responsible for the custody and safe keeping of cash receipts from customers – Prepares daily cash sales and disbursement reports – Able to entertain the customers CREW He/ she is responsible in assisting the customers, and attaining to the customers demand – He / she provide the maintenance of cleanliness of the store area COMPENSATION SCHEME/ SALARY AND WAGES Compensation is defined as the adequate and equitable remuneration of personnel for their contribution to organization objectives. Some recent morale surveys tended to minimize the importance of monetary income to employees SALARY WAGES GANTT CHART/ PROJECTED TIME TABLE In estimating a business like coffee shop, it has to undergo different activities to be able to pu rsue such kind of business. There are schedules for different activities that the business has to make and ensure that even actual operation of the business. GANTT CHART | | | | | | | | |ACTIVITIES |JULY |AUGUST |SEPT |OCT |NOV |DEC |JAN | PREPARATION | | | | | | | | | LICENSED AND PERMIT | | | | | | | | | RENOVATION | | | | | | | | | PURCHASE OF MATERIAL | | | | | | | | | NORMAL OPERATION | | | | | | | | | FEASIBILITY Proposed Study on Establishing Coffee Cafe At _______________ ———————– PURCHASER CLERK SERVICE CREW (3) CASHIER SECURITY GUARD ACCOUNTANT ADMINISTRATIVE SUPERVISOR MANAGER How to cite Coffee Shop Draft Proposal, Papers

Research Data Interpreting Quantitative Data

Question: Discuss about the Research Data for Interpreting Quantitative Data. Answer: What is the nature of data collected using Likert scale? Likert scales are psychological tests and instruments of measuring that are commonly used in measuring attitudes. The attitude expressed is by means of opinions by customers. What really is paramount is the attitude of who believes. The scale measuring attitudes analyzes the feelings, thoughts and opinions of the person to the facts already specified. The scale measures individual attitudes or predispositions in particular social contexts or events. Limitations of data collected through likert scale The main limitation of data collected through likert scale is generally grouping data collected into different hierarchies mostly levels of five point scale. The five point scale has usually been shown to reach the upper limits. The standard and mean deviation are parameters for descriptive statistics which are invalid (Echon, n.d.). If the number of people interviewed is small then there will be a huge variation in the score. The other limitation is many people will opt not to respond to the question due to the processes involved in logging in the websites to respond to the questions. Many will also opt not to respond to the questions ignoring them. Although the staff members may appear very knowledgeable in regards to the products offered by the store, the customers are less aware regarding the staff level of knowledge for the products. One hundred customers were interviewed concerning this question and the results was an overwhelming response that they agree to the fact that employees are not aware of the product. Io of the customers strongly disagrees, 25 of the customers at 25% disagree, 3 customers are unsure, 17 at 17% agree while 5 of the customers strongly agree. When the data is compiled into a single score, the score is calculated by multiplying and adding the five responses together and the dividing the total results by the number of respondents which is 100 customers. The single score received is 3.19. The reason why this calculation may be incorrect is that the number of customers interviewed is very small. 100 customers is not a true representation of the entire population of customers. This number is too small to find the correct single score and therefore the single score earlier reported. An increase in the number of customers responding will change the single score to be less than 3.19. For example, if the number of customers increases to 200, then the single score will be (319/200) which is equivalent to 1.595. I strongly disagree with this likert scale and the scre given of 3.19. this is due to the small number of people in the survey. The number will not represent the real number of customers. Whether the people filling out the survey are an actual representation Although a survey takes a sample of the population in question in this case the customers, the higher the number of customers took for the survey, the higher the chances for an accurate answer. 100 customers are very few to get the correct impression in this scenario. Through the likert scale, the number of people making all the contribution should be high to get the true representation of what kind of response the customer feel toward the knowledge of employee knowledge of the products (Echon, n.d.). Reasons The reason why this number will give an inaccurate representation is because it is a very small number compared to the total customer base. Secondly, voting online or through the companys website does not show the cluster or demographics of the population. For example, more males may vote more than the females while in actual sense the females shop more than the male customers and would therefore make a more informed decision. Additionally, interactions between the customers and the employees are of different levels. The law of attraction states that unlike poles attract, therefore, many male customers may interact more with the female employees ignoring their male colleagues. The resulting survey may be skewed or biased, more so, with the small number of customers in the survey. Reliability of the data The data is not very reliable while the likert scale is not as conclusive as it should be to give a concrete answers due to its nature of varying responses. The data is not very reliable to be used due to the small number of correspondence. A survey should have the maximum number of people to represent the entire population of the area of survey. The percentages being used in the data are not accurate while the customers who vary in agreeing and disagreeing are considerably very low. Therefore for reliability of the data, the number of customers in the survey should be increased while the likert scale should have a dominant answer, for example, disagree at 70%. We discussed four types of quantitative data in class nominal, ordinal, ratio and interval. What types of data are collected from each of the following questions? Justify your answer. Requires one of two responses male or female A nominal variable is one that "distinguishes between ordering them subject to a limited number of categories, including the type or class." When a nominal variable is an immutable characteristic trait or a participant research, the term "variable attribute" is also applicable. As an example, a dataworktablewithresults of the testsin a column. Theother2columnsshowthe genderof everyevaluationtakeras well as thekind oftest run. The outcomesof thestudiesare not nominal datasince theyprovideparticularfiguresthat may beadded in,normalor evenput intonumericalprogression. Gender is a nominal variable,since itbasicallycategorizesevaluationtakers in asetselection ofgroupings: male and female. Collects values representing temperatures in Fahrenheit Conversely, quantitative variablescalculatedrather thanexplainingthe data. The intervalparametersare quantitativeparametersmissingapractical0. Thetemperatures scales arean outstanding example,in whichthe Fahrenheitas well asCelsius scalesare not the sameand alsoarbitrary0points.Lastly, the proportionparametersare quantitative variablesintrinsicwith a0pointshowingthelackof thepresentedcharacter. Fahrenheitfalls short ofapracticalzerothus;they could becategorizedjust as interval data. An ordinal variable,for exampleastudyingleveldetermined bythequalification, places the data inthe perfectorder,howeverthe distance is not quantitative ranges.For instance, the reading levelclasseightispossibly nottwice astoughto gradefour. Collects values representing temperatures in Kelvin A ratio variable,has gotmost oftheattributesof an interval variable,as well aspossessesa definitedescriptionofzero.0.Whilethe variableis the same as0 .0,there is certainlynothingof thisvariable.Parameterssuch asheight,heaviness, enzymeactionare ratio variables.Temperatures,statedin For evenC, are not a ratio variable. Temperaturesofzero.0 onbothof thesescalesdoes not necessarily mean'no heat' Nevertheless, temperature in Kelvin is a ratio variable ,sincezero.0 Kelvindoes indeed indicate'no heat' . Ratio: This is data range with a natural zero point. For example, time to find a product on a website is the relationship, because time is 0 significant. Kelvin has a point 0 (absolute zero). The steps in both these scales have the same degree of magnitude Number of items customer buys in whole numbers this is categorized as Ordinal variables: designated categories, but have the additional property of allowing the sort categories from the largest to the smallest, from best to worst or the first to the last (Cramer, 2003). Ordinal variables considered common classification of social class (high, medium, low, indigent), level of education class (last year, first year, etc.) and housing quality (standard, insufficient in ruins) What type of data is bank account balances Bank account balances is an interval variable.The interval variables give a sense of "how much" or "that size" which so hot, so obstinate, so depressed, that so long and so heavy. With the interval variables you think in terms of distance between scores on a straight line. A good example for this is the bank balances.With the interval variables you can add, subtract, multiply and divide and calculate averages scores, which is not possible with ordinal variables. Both the interval variables have reason as set intervals in a measuring unit; but only reason variables include meaningful zero point.Some interval variables can have a zero score, but the zero point is arbitrary; that is, it could be placed anywhere within the possible range of a variable because zero does not mean "no". True zero points reason variables allow greater flexibility in the calculations and statistical analysis (Byrne, 2002). As the interval variables, variables can multiply and divide reason, but can also be calculated reasons. Assume you are the coach of a local sports team. You believe it is possible that drinking orange juice three times per day, for four days each week, might make the players perform better in the game at the weekend. Explain how you could test this hypothesis in each of the following ways: a. As a descriptive non-experimental study b. A quasi experimental study c. An experimental study Which of the studies would give you the firmest evidence of whether your theory is correct? Justify your answers As a descriptive non-experimental study A descriptiveresearchis the onewherethedetails aregatheredwithout swappingthe environment (that is,hardly anymanipulation ) .Commonly known aslike"correlational"or evenresearches"observation ."It is usuallya descriptiveresearchsince"anyresearchwhich is notreallyexperimental ." Inourstudy, a descriptiveresearchmightgivedetails aboutcommonwellnessstatus ,behaviour,actionsor evenadditionalfeaturesof a particular group . Descriptive studiesare likewiseperformedtoestablishassociations orconnectionsbetweenissuesin the environment . In this case a non descriptive study is the most effective . Quasi experimental study Therefore, it is a type of research that shares many of the characteristics of an experiment, but the comparisons in the response of subjects are made between groups 'non-equivalent', ie groups that can differentiate into many other aspects in addition to the 'exposure (Allen, Titsworth, Hunt, 2009)'. The main difficulty will be to distinguish the specific effects of treatment ( 'exposure') of those specific effects that result from the lack of comparability of groups at baseline and during the study, which compromises the internal validity of the study. In case there is no control group, it can not ensure that the changes appeared to be due to the intervention itself, or to other interventions or uncontrolled factors. It is not effective in this case. An experimental study In experimental studies manipulation of a particular exposure in a group of individuals is compared with another group that was not operated, or that is exposed to other intervention occurs. This type of quasi-experimental designs are usually (but not handling randomization exists), in which one or more groups will receive the intervention, while others serve as control. Experimental studies have a carefully designed sufficient sample size, a process suitable randomization, intervention and perfectly controlled monitoring can provide very strong evidence that allow us to study issue judgments about the causal relationships between variables.The validity of this study lies primarily in the random process that make comparable groups the most important variables in relation to the problem to study. Therefore, this type of study is not suitable for this type of study because there are no comparable groups and sample is not large. References Allen, M., Titsworth, S., Hunt, S. (2009).Quantitative research in communication. London: SAGE. Byrne, D. (2002).Interpreting quantitative data. London: SAGE. Cramer, D. (2003).Advanced quantitative data analysis. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open University Press. Csatar, P. (2014).Data Structure in Cognitive Metaphor Research. Frankfurt: Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. Echon, R.Advances in image analysis research. Quantitative research. (2010). [Place of publication not identified].