Controlling And Monitoring Of Its Monetary-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Controlling And Monitoring Of Its Monetary? Answer: Presentation The bookkeeping division is a basic piece of a business association that is engaged with controlling and checking of its financial assets. The bookkeeping experts of a business element need to set up their budget reports according to the bookkeeping approaches and methods created by the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board). These monetary bookkeeping arrangements are significant standards, decides and systems that should be trailed by the administration of a business element for creating and introducing its budget reports. The appropriation of the IASB created bookkeeping strategies and techniques are fundamental for a business element for meeting the various needs and requests of its different partners. The bookkeeping strategies and systems are created based on different bookkeeping hypotheses, for example, positive and regularizing bookkeeping speculations (Henderson et al., 2015). In this unique circumstance, the current report intends to dissect and analyze the signif icance of the bookkeeping arrangements and techniques in a business element through choosing an ASX recorded firm, that is, Wesfarmers Ltd. The report assesses the bookkeeping strategies utilized by a firm and break down it with the bookkeeping methodology utilized by its rival. Moreover, the report assesses the nature of bookkeeping approaches of the firm by thinking about the effect of political weights on standard-setting of bookkeeping bodies. Surveying bookkeeping arrangements and appraisals of Wesfarmers Ltd Wesfarmers Limited is a perceived Australian organization that alongside its auxiliaries is associated with retailing of synthetic concoctions, composts, coal mining, modern and wellbeing items. The Group piece comprises of auxiliaries, joint endeavors and partners. According to the yearly report of the organization, it has viably embraced and agreed to the bookkeeping strategies of AASB (Australian Accounting Standards) and the Corporations Act 2001. The Group has referenced the nuts and bolts bookkeeping strategies embraced for building up its united budget summaries according to the AASB guidelines. The Group has received the bookkeeping strategies, for example, standards of combination, acknowledgment and estimation approaches for fixed resources on cost premise, actualizing bookkeeping appraisals and decisions according to the GAAP standards. The Group has likewise uncovered appropriate strategies according to chance administration programs for limiting the event of hazard peril s. The Board has consented to all the fundamental ecological approaches and enactments through building up a hazard the board program that has kept up sufficient arrangements for meeting the related expenses because of infringement of any Australian or universal natural guidelines. The reviewers report has additionally upheld that the Group has executed a code of expert direct that controls its general business procedure and methods. The Group has likewise given all the significant data according to its future consistence with new bookkeeping measures, for example, IFRS 15 and AASB 15 (Wesfarmers: Annual Report, 2016). Evaluate Accounting Flexibility The bookkeeping strategies give a structure to a business substance for building up its monetary records such an expostulation, altruism acknowledgment, stock valuation and combination of money related records (Sheridan, 2016). Notwithstanding, the business elements have the power to choose the bookkeeping strategies that demonstrates useful for improving their benefit and development. Be that as it may, the business elements need to adjust to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and IFRS while the reception of explicit bookkeeping arrangements during money related revealing. The Wesfarmers Ltd has actualized some adaptability in choice of its bookkeeping system arrangements for keeping up its records, for example, belittling, stock, generosity and resources. The administration of the Group has practiced some watchfulness in choice of the bookkeeping approaches for esteeming its advantages, liabilities, leases and altruism according to the reasonable worth bookkeeping model. In any case, the board has embraced severe arrangements and system for checking and controlling the supervisors tasks with the goal that they dont exploit their opportunity. The administration of the gathering through has the position to choose the bookkeeping arrangements according to the idea of business tasks however the board guarantees that the strategies received are in consistence with the AASB gauges and Corporations Act (Wesfarmers: Annual Report, 2016). Bookkeeping arrangements and appraisals utilized by their ?rivals and examination of bookkeeping approaches and gauges utilized by the ?firm with one of its adversary organization The significant contenders of Wesfarmers Limited is Woolworths, Billabong, Coles can be respected to be a significant opponents of the Group. The Group is perceived a worldwide pioneer in retail industry of Australia with its principle rival of Woolworths Limited. The Woolworths Limited is likewise a retail monster in Australia with its principle activities in market, alcohol retailing, inns and bars and markdown retail chains. The examination of the yearly report of both Wesfarmers and Woolworths uncovers that they have received and actualized bookkeeping strategies and assessments as per the AASB gauges. Be that as it may, there exist some huge contrasts between the bookkeeping approaches and assessed of Woolworths and Wesfarmers as apparent from their notes to the budget summaries segment. The net conveying estimation of advantages and liabilities are esteemed at their reasonable worth and consolidates the utilization of support representing supporting the dangers (Wesfarmers: Ann ual Report, 2016). In actuality, Woolworths doesn't execute the utilization of support representing perceiving any increase or misfortune in the solidified budget summaries. Additionally, the structure of salary proclamations arranged for both the gatherings has significant contrasts. The pay proclamation of Wesfarmers have plainly characterized the fundamental components, for example, pay, cost and benefit while in the event of Woolworths the structure of the announcement isn't clear. The Wesfarmers have recorded consumption in their salary explanation based on worker benefits and thinking about the devaluation and amortization. Then again, Woolworths have recorded costs based on organization costs and not thought about the deterioration and amortization. Notwithstanding, both the organizations have embraced the changed bookkeeping approaches and gauges however the strategies actualized are according to the AASB measures and subsequently are pleasing and satisfactory (Hussey and Ong, 2017). Bookkeeping Strategy The investigation of bookkeeping strategies and assessments of Wesfarmers with that of industry friends, for example, Woolworths have shown that there exists adaptability in the bookkeeping system of business companies. The business partnerships select the bookkeeping techniques according to their tendency of operational exercises as apparent structure the distinction in bookkeeping arrangements and assessments embraced by Woolworths and Wesfarmers. Nonetheless, there is just minor distinction between the bookkeeping approaches of Wesfarmers when contrasted with that of its companions, for example, Woolworths as broke down from their money related detailing framework. Both the Groups have embraced comparative bookkeeping strategies in readiness of income articulation, explanation of changes in value and furthermore receive the utilization of reasonable worth bookkeeping model in building up their asset report and pay proclamation. In this way, it very well may be said that Wesfarmers and its companion bunch select the bookkeeping strategies according to their business activities however observe the standard bookkeeping standards coordinated by AASB. The adjustment in the bookkeeping approaches in regard to that of industry standards is clarified sufficiently in the yearly report of the Group (Wesfarmers: Annual Report, 2016). As broke down from the budgetary report of Wesfarmers Limited, the adjustment in the structure of the bookkeeping exchanges is according to the bookkeeping destinations of the gathering. The Wesfarmers is putting accentuation on improving the income by selling its advantages while Woolworths is increment its income by upgrading its benefit base. Along these lines, Wesfarmers are consolidating the utilization of support bookkeeping and reasonable worth model for expanding the income by selling the advantage base. The adaptability in the bookkeeping system is actualized by the overseeing executives of the Wesfarmers Limited for improving its gainfulness position. The Board has presented present moment and long haul motivating forces plan for the administration relying upon the organizations money related position. The impetuses plan is created to give inspiration to the administration to execute the bookkeeping strategies that help in expanding the money related execution of the Group yet by going along successfully with all the AASB bookkeeping standards (Mirza and Ankarath, 2012). The Board guarantees that adaptability in bookkeeping decisions gave to the overseeing chiefs is as per the standard bookkeeping rules for limiting the event of any deceitful exercises (Wesfarmers: Annual Report, 2016). Assessing the Quality of Disclosure The Wesfarmers Limited have carefully executed and embraced the standard bookkeeping approaches and guidelines for improving its nature of money related detailing. The Group have revealed adequately the AASB guidelines actualized for esteeming its money related instruments and furthermore the future consistence with the new AASB measures. The notes to the fiscal summaries segment of the yearly report have given all the essential data about the bookkeeping arrangements and evaluations utilized by the Group for building up its budget summary by clarifying the essentialness of each. The notes to the fiscal reports segment have adequately clarified the budgetary exhibition of the firm and are in consistence with its present money related position. The bookkeeping approaches delineated in the notes and that received for planning

Nestle Was Founded In 1866 Management Essay

Settle Was Founded In 1866 Management Essay Settle was established in 1866 by Henri Nestle and has become the universes greatest food and drink organization at this point. Settle utilizes around 250,000 individuals from in excess of 70 nations and have activity focuses in pretty much every nation on the planet. Settle is one the world biggest food maker in the worldwide stage with the accomplishment of profoundly item advancements and business acquisitions. Settle has enhancing its product offering into different kind and extended its piece of the overall industry inside the world since years prior. Despite the fact that there are an immense number of items should be produce by Nestle yet the nature of the items are consistently the need of Nestle to famous all through the world. The current results of Nestle are developing through significant level of advancement and remodels while keeping up a parity of geographic exercises and product offerings. The momentary presentation is the pivotal component to satisfy the drawn out ar rangement of the organization in future. The Companys need is to bring the best and most important items to individuals, any place they are, whatever their needs, for the duration of their lives. Settle, a mindful organization that has produce distinctive preference for every nation on the planet to fit with the nearby culture and needs. Settle is an organization that works with decentralization style. For a model, every activity nation is liable for the productive running of its business, which including the preparation of the staffs. The organization vision center around making great food integral to appreciate a decent and solid life for customers everywhere throughout the world. This infers Nestle is increasing a more profound comprehension in numerous zones of nourishment and food investigates and changing the logical advances into applications. By having a wide vision, the organization is putting forth a valiant effort for their buyers to show the incredible awareness of other's expectations. Everyone knows an activity of an organization is much of the time accompany the contention and exchange in work environment. The contention can be improves the responsiveness to outside condition and increment group union. Strife will emerge even in our day by day lives and being experienced since we were a child. Feelings emerging when there is difference happened. At the point when the degree of contention has lifted, it may prompt extreme office issues. Various individuals will have contrasted recognitions towards any single issue, for example, the techniques to determine any sort of issues. Struggle is an unavoidable issue inside the business condition because of it relates legitimately to correspondence and chain of importance matters. Along these lines, in this task we going to talk about and gaining from the subject of Conflict issue of Nestle (Malaysia). Strategies used to gather the data. Exact and careful utilization obviously ideas in OB identifies with the issues.( 5 imprints) They are two classification of system that we required to receive in this task, which are essential and optional. After much thought, we decide to utilize the survey strategy as essential technique to research between association struggle. Because of the meeting downsides, it tends to be very tedious, for example, setting up, meeting; translating, examining, criticism, detailing, some way or another and it additionally can be expensive to understudy like us. Other than that is, distinctive interviewee may have diverse comprehend and decipher meet in various manners. In opposite, the poll isa most economicoffer as far as costs and time included. By utilizing surveys, the potential data can be gathered from a huge part of a gathering. Accordingly, the yield information more tantamount than data got through a meeting. In the tip to toe survey research, we useda week to done the exploration from convey poll inquiries to gather the workers react and process the recurrence from the result. In seven days, we designate multi day in choose and convey those inquiry, an additional multi day for gathering the representatives reacted the survey, while for the most recent day to process the recurrence from the result. The fundamental accentuation here is on the correspondence clashes, which spread all the three degrees of the companys progression. From the head, top administration followed by the center administration and at the base part is workers who beneath the director level. There were a few sorts of polls were intended for each level, in this way the surveys disseminated at the top were least and most extreme at the lower level Results from Questionnaire Factors Recurrence From the executives (10 man) More than the ideal yield of the workers make can be unsafe to the association? Indeed 09 No 01 There is a free progression of correspondence among the representatives Truly 10 No 00 Representatives are appropriately educated about choice taken? Truly 07 No 03 There is a consistency among the administration arrangements Truly 08 No 02 From employees(20 individual) From to what extent have you been working in the association? a half year 04 1 year 02 3 years 10 Or on the other hand over 3 years 04 What sort of manager do you like to work with? An able however troublesome chief 13 An indulgent however bumbling chief 07 Which kind of initiatives style do you like the most? Dictatorial 18 Law based 02 How your administration does is getting along the assessing among the representatives? Execution base 18 Legitimacy base 02 Inclination to work with: Inviting yet inept associate 09 Troublesome yet able partner 11 Accepting assignments with appropriate assets to execute Indeed 15 No 05 Preferring the clothing standard? Indeed 20 No 00 Workers are appropriately educated about choices taken Indeed 10 No 10 There is a free progression of correspondence among the representatives Indeed 18 No 02 Workers ordinarily face correspondence issues with: Top administration 04 Supervisor 16 Who ought to be accused Top administration 04 Director 16 Increasingly authoritative hierarchic clashes are looked by Top 05 Center (director) 15 Lower 00 Level which ought to be considered answerable for that? Top 06 Center (administrator) 14 Lower 00 With respect to auxiliary strategy, we are required to investigate a few diaries and understanding materials. In the web, it gives us a large number of connections and site to look for struggle and exchange the board. By apply the hypothesis and down to earth model from the diary that we chose, we ready to plant it into the suggestion part of this task. Joining obviously ideas with data about the organization (15 imprints) A fundamental existential of an organization is consistently improving and gain development along with its representatives over the long haul see. In any case, clashes will emerge to accomplish such an attractive result. In this segment, our group attempt to find the contention and arrangement issue occurring in Nestle, and merge with the scholarly part so as to clarify how the association practice in all actuality circumstance. By alluding to Nestle, there are a couple of issues that have evoked immense clashes and goals were given to conquer them. The wellsprings of contention dependent on the issues that we had find included separation, inconsistent objectives and correspondence issue. Issue no.1 Settle vision and crucial that, the organization need to be a main, serious, sustenance, wellbeing and health organization. Along these lines, milk powder equation has been propelled and the fundamental reason for this item is to let the moms become considerably more comfort and ready to give their newborn child with better nourishment recipe. The third world moms yearned for westernization and feed their baby with the milk powder equation. Because of the restricted information on the third world moms don't understand that over-weakened will caused the newborn children experienced ailing health. The baby equation strife started in December 1970 and turns far and away more terrible in the time of 1973. The explanation that this issue being emerge is because of Nestle blamed for getting third world moms to adjust on the newborn child milk recipe, which comprising less nourishment reality than bosom milk. Start from July 1977 a serious blacklist occasion is held by general society towar ds Nestle. In January 1981, Nestle has built up Nestle Coordination Center for Nutrition.Inc (NCCN) to decrease the danger of abuse the newborn child milk recipe and the nonconformists who blacklist Nestle. NCCN has assembled all the pertinent data from the pundits to build up methodologies. NCCN has conveyed and disperse the item data to the third world moms in the interest of Nestle for tackling the baby equation strife. In this issue, we can classify this contention into the separation as one auxiliary wellsprings of contention. In such case, Nestle attempt to advance their item into underdeveloped nation to enhance their market specialty in a similar time helping the lady there acquire the advantages from milk powder. From the applicable article appeared, Nestle receive staying away from as struggle dealing with possibilities at the underlying phase of blacklist exercises. Settle didn't watch issue that is going on around them, they didnt check the underlying discussion, diaries, magazines, and other regular news media, as in they didnt handle the issue appropriately and it implies they have utilized an inappropriate strategies to deal with the issue in early stage. Since that is the situation, the keeping away from approach had caused the blacklist adjoining (dissatisfaction) to Nestle had begun on fourth July 1977. After the disappointment in battle the baby issue at 1970s, Nestle at long last bu ild up the NCCN, which mean they begin to make and guarantee the incentive back from publics. By dealing with the data, Nestle effectively resolve the contention by comprehend the activists needs, and win back the certainty from open by cooperate with the gathering of social examiners to assist them with improving their shortcomings. Issue no 2. Palm oil is one of the fundamental crude materials to let Nestle to fulfill its creations need and produce the last merchandise to satisfy the necessities of the Nestle items shoppers. Because of the shortage of palm oil and high requesting from

Effective and Easy Tips for Writing a Thesis Introduction Successfully

Compelling and Easy Tips for Writing a Thesis Introduction Successfully How to compose a proposition presentation? The starting section of this significant scholarly work matters a great deal and you have to finish it last (in the wake of composing different parts). Be that as it may, it’s not the last passage that you consider. Your proposition presentation causes you make an expansive blueprint of fascinating thoughts, what you need to investigate, and why you choose to contemplate a particular territory. It’s the initial segment of your theory and it should begin your focuses effectively, so discover how to do that accurately. What are its definition and essential purposes? In such presentations, understudies depict a specific subject, express an issue, and give a short diagram of future papers. How to compose a proposal presentation? As your thoughts create, don't hesitate to refresh your theory presentation and remember it to ensure that your work is on target. This section ought to furnish every peruser with a decent method of reasoning for your work, why it’s significant, and what it will reply. It ought to contain your announcement of research questions and points. Guarantee that this section presents and offers a survey of related writing to show the crowd current information while clarifying a hypothetical system. In the event that you can locate any hypothetical discussions in the sources that you read, your theory acquaintance is an incredible spot with share your own viewpoint. Show how your work adds to a hypothetical comprehension of your subject. Fundamental intends to concentrate on Your proposition presentation should fill the accompanying needs: Presenting the subject you will address, look into question, and point of your examination; Drawing readers’ enthusiasm by utilizing solid models and appealing snares; Showing down to earth and logical pertinence of your paper. Portions of your theory presentation A reasonable theory presentation ought to incorporate these fundamental parts: Degree and inspiration; Pragmatic and hypothetical importance of your exploration; A concise portrayal of its plan; Issue proclamation and study objective; Current logical circumstance and blueprint. You should peruse more about every one. PLCAE YOUR ORDER Inspiration or issue sign What is the primary intention of doing your exploration? Check applicable thoughts and search for something that intrigues you, as this is the thing that will assist you with urging others to continue perusing the remainder of your paper. Extension In light of your difficult sign and inspiration, portray the picked point and offer more foundation data to characterize the fundamental motivation behind your examination. Don’t commit an error of looking into something over the top. It’s important to look for a particular specialty. Handy and hypothetical significance of your examination Utilize strong contentions and refer to related articles or different sources to show the logical significance of your examination. Feature all the examinations that you will use for your work and disclose to the focused on crowd its pragmatic use. On the off chance that you discover this undertaking hard to finish, approach companions for sentiments. A flow logical circumstance connected to your investigated subject In this piece of your postulation presentation, you have to determine and quickly clarify the most intriguing logical sources that identify with your picked subject. This is the manner by which you show perusers that you can bolster it with numerous investigations and discover a great deal of significant data. What to do straightaway? Your difficult articulation, goal, and research question In your proposition presentation, depict your defined issue proclamation, examine question, and study objective. Utilize an exploration question to answer your difficult explanation. Here and there, educators expect understudies to utilize their speculations rather than questions. To wind up with a solid theory, you first need to do your theoretical structure and compose a writing audit. A concise depiction of your examination plan In your proposition, you should build up a specific research configuration in detail, yet the presentation should give just its concise synopsis. Where, how, and when you will do your exploration? Make a diagram In this piece of the presentation, you ought to quickly depict your proposal by summing up all sections and thoughts. Guarantee that you don’t express your layout tediously. Request THESIS INTRODUCTION Supportive and valuable rules Start with your examination proposition since it very well may be a powerful activity plan for your future theory presentation. Despite the fact that it’s an initial area, it doesn’t imply that you have to complete this segment before you begin composing different parts. The more you lead your exploration, the simpler to succeed. Continue reworking your proposition presentation until you get its ideal variant Action word tenses and postulation presentation length To demonstrate what you will talk about and present the picked subject, utilize a basic current state. Present great and basic past tenses are incredible for any foundation data. There are accurate necessities for the length of your postulation presentation, however you should neither compose numerous pages nor attempt to crush everything on a solitary page. Keeping in touch with the fact of the matter is a sharp thought. You shouldn’t rehash yourself to gain high evaluations. 4 Excellent Ideas to Make Your Thesis Introduction Stronger Abstain from saying everything simultaneously as opposed to delineating your work and significant contentions; Compose a snappy opening sentence to hold readers’ consideration; Keep your language direct; Abstain from giving any guarantees that you won’t convey later. The significance of updating and altering Similarly as with different sorts of scholastic composition, you have to change and alter your proposal prologue to improve its quality. This passage drives perusers to your exploration, so don’t mess with it. Give yourself sufficient opportunity to make an ideal proposition acquaintance in light of the fact that you’re in all probability with compose a couple of drafts to succeed. On the off chance that you think that its difficult to finish this scholarly assignment, don’t delay to contact our expert journalists and utilize their administrations.

Character Sketch of Daniel from Daniels Story

Character Analysis: ____chapter 3__________________ Your assignment is to pick a character from the novel and attract an image of them the primary box. Encompass your image with cites from the novel, just as descriptive words depicting their appearance. Next, depict your character’s character, family, and the contentions he/she is looking in the story. You should have in any event 5 focuses in every classification and proof from the novel. For instance: Daniel is a ‘†free spirit† in light of the fact that in Chapter 3 he camouflages himself as a Hitler Youth and goes all through Frankfurt, doing everything he isn’t permitted to do.Physical Traits (What does your character resemble? ) 12 †13 years of age. â€Å"I must be who I was †Daniel, a twelve-right around thirteen-year-old Jewish kid who conveyed an I. D. Card stepped with a major J â€Å"(p 28) â€Å"How I had adored skiing †the speed, the chilly, the daring† (p 24) Person ality (What sort of individual right? ) â€Å"She’s not just lovely, however, it’s that her inward quiet and pleasantness radiate through her eyes. I love to photo her† (p 20). (mother) - discovers excellence inside, mindful, appreciates photography, They aren’t all so terrible, Mother,† I state, attempting to improve her vibe. How might I disclose to her that I’m glancing through them to attempt to comprehend this bad dream? I can’t let her perceive how disturbed I am. It would just make her more miserable† (p 21) - Caring, conceals emotions from mother, dedicated, kind, sympathetic, empathetic, concerned, astute, â€Å"I recall Auntie Leah giving me Uncle Peter’s camera when she and her youngsters moved in with us after they took Uncle Peter away†¦ and the main thing we did was transform one of the wardrobes into a darkroom.Then I read each book I could on photography until I felt prepared to start taking picturesà ¢â‚¬  (p21) - Brave for beginning a darkroom when photographs were restricted. Aggressive, spurred, amped up for photography, dedicated, learned, understanding as he accumulates information, likes to be readied, mindful, careful, â€Å"I felt it was my obligation to assume control over his duty as the family picture taker. † Friedrich and I made an agreement that we would photo all that we could as a record of our evil treatment by our individual Germans† (p 21). Attempting to redress/take pictures in memory of his Uncle Peter, gathering confirmation/proof of German conduct, history specialist, steadfast, dependable, solid, reliable, makes guarantees and keeps guarantees, I powdered my face with flour as she and Erika were working and afterward yelling ‘boo’ at them. †¦ it felt great to be reproved about something conventional like that †I think it caused me to feel that things were ordinary† (p25) - attempting to stay positive, cause life to feel typical, prankster, joker, comic, humor,

Macondo Blow Out Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Macondo Blow Out - Research Paper Example On April the twentieth at 9:45 PM the Macondo oil rig encountered a victory that came about because of a fly of seawater being launched out from the riser joined by a slushy of mud and oil followed by planes of methane. This blend, particularly the methane, lighted and caused a progression of blasts that served to injure the well and in the end ended the lives of 11 personnel.1 At the time the blast happened, the Deepwater Horizon rig was penetrating at a profundity of around 5000 feet into what specialists have portrayed as the Macondo Prospect which is found roughly 40 miles from the shore of Louisiana (Rose et al 2). In spite of the fact that the responsibility for Horizon has stayed hazy to a large group of people, the truth was that BP didn't work the apparatus exclusively under its own course. Or maybe, BP was simply the proprietor of the apparatus however just held a 65% portion of possession according to the Mississippi Canyon penetrating campaign that brought about the debacle of Deepwater Horizon. Moreover, the staying 35% of enthusiasm for the apparatus was part between Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, otherwise known as Halliburton Corporation, (which held a 25% offer) and MOEX Offshore 2007 (which held a 10% offer). After the blast occurred, the Macondo Blow-Out started to spout raw petroleum into the sea at a pace of around 2.6 million gallons for each day. This figure is contested by various gatherings that either wish to limit or amplify the impact that the Deepwater Horizon fiasco had on the general condition; be that as it may, for this investigation, the creator has decided to utilize the Coast Guard’s appraises as those which were well on the way to not encounter any type of specific inclination with connection to the catastrophe. Most researchers concur that the pace of stream of the oil drainage proceeded for all intents and purposes unabated until the all around was topped on the nineteenth of September of that year. Certain specialists can't help contradicting this examination and guarantee that the very much spouted more oil in the underlying stagesâ whereas, close to when the all around was topped, the greater part of the weight had been eased in this way considerably less o il was flowing.â â

IAP in China through MITs China Development Initiative

IAP in China through MIT’s China Development Initiative IAP 2013 was a logistical (and medical) nightmare but a fantastic adventure. I broke my big toe into a bunch of pieces, then flew home to London for winter break, then flew back to Boston and got an x-ray at MIT Medical. After the x-ray, MIT Medical forgot I was there (I realized something was probably wrong after I had been sitting alone in the x-ray room for over twenty minutes) so the doctor left and I wasnt able to get the results. Oh well. Next, I spent a week in California at my first astronomy conference, then flew back to Boston (I got the results of my x-ray this time) and onwards to China. When I got back to MIT at the beginning of February and classes began, I wrote a summary  about my adventures and was full of ambitions to write all about my time in China. I guess I got distracted by zumba  and not-zumba, though, because after  publishing Saul’s guest blog post  about (extensive) MIT-supported China travels, I realized that I never wrote about mine. Mine began on whim. I sent the following e-mail to my mom on December 2, 2012: “So, I spontaneously applied to this service leadership program taking place in China from Jan 16-20…and apparently got a spot.” This service leadership program is officially called the Service Leadership Program  and was organized by MITs China Development Initiative, a student-run group. Heres the official description: “A one week long project held in Xiamen, Fujian, where a team of MIT students will mentor distinguished Chinese high and junior high students on the subjects of leadership and service through a series of workshops, activities, and community service opportunities. I found out about it from a random e-mail (probably sent to all of the dorm mailing lists, since that’s how a lot of MIT student groups advertise). I figured hey, why not, and filled out the online application. For the in-person interview, I had to talk about myself and my particular interest in China and teach a five-minute lesson on the spot. After getting accepted, I had a few discussions with family and took a good hard look at my calendar. The consensus was that it would be a big logistical nightmare. A week later, I sent this e-mail to my mom: “I’m going to go, even though it’s…logistically inconvenient. I think it’s something I’d regret not doing later…” If I could go back in time, I would high five myself, then say dont wear your big pink slippers the next time you do your laundry. Unfortunately I cant time travel, so two days later I tripped in my large pink slippers and fractured my big toe while walking up the New House 5 stairs. Anyway, Xiamen. Our MIT crew (~5 undergrads) were hosted by 3-4 local high school students. They were our friends and our tour guides: they took us around town, shimmying through little alleyways I would never have thought to enter in order to get to their favorite restaurants. After a couple days of touring around, we began running our program. This involved organizing leadership training activities during the day, and taking our ~50 kids on volunteer trips around the city. Heres a picture I took while standing on a school balcony, watching one such training activity: Unfortunately, I wasn’t very disciplined about keeping a journal. But I still have what I did write down, so here are some excerpts. “At one point, I was looking out at the water, and there was a lot of foam floating around. One of our hosts, Peter, asked “do you like bubbles?” I said yes, and he replied, ‘bubbles are something you can look at all day and not do anything else.’” “We went to a restaurant that sold noodles from the north west of China. It was very good…I had mine with beef. SO MUCH FOOD â€" it looked like I hardly made a dent. Also, there was this soup that was absolutely delicious that they kept refilling over the course of the meal…SOO GOOD.” “We walked through Xiamen University, which was beautiful. Took lots of pictures (not me, though…ugh. Forgot my camera charger!) After that, we went to a temple, which was one of the most beautiful complexes I have ever seen. We picked up incense sticks, and Lucy (one of our hosts) gave me a primer on how to pray…Lucy said we pray in our heart, so I did.” “After the temple, we hiked up the mountain…stunning scenery. More pictures. Also, nice conversation. Feng Long was part of a group of singers for a school competition, and they called themselves the 21 gongs. They sang a song called the Three Gongs. He said, “the three gongs, sung by…the 21 gongs!” I said “so, 7 gongs each,” and Saul found that very funny. Feng Long didn’t seem to notice, though.” A conversation with our host Peter: Peter: I only know one French song… Me: What’s it called? Peter: “My name is Elaine.” Me: Elaine? Peter: Elaine. Me: Any idea who the artist is? Peter: …maybe Elaine?” “Our driver didn’t speak any English, but seemed like an interesting character. He only just arrived so doesn’t really know his way aroundso we had to stop for directions a bunch of times.” One of our students said that his dream is to study history at Oxford, but he is practical about his future so hes not going to pursue that. There was a banner at the opening ceremony! The president of the school spoke, and a student translated after every sentence. She got a word wrong (“experience” instead of “hope” I think?) and the president corrected her. Then Maia (the SLP group leader) spoke and we started for the day. “Maja gave a short spiel, then each of us introduced ourselves. Shuhan talked about never having the opportunity to do a program like this while she was a student in China, and that it would have been helpful. Saul mentioned being from Guatemala. I said that I lived near the Beatles crossing in London, which the kids LOVED. They all freaked out. I told them about being half-Chinese, said my Chinese name (they loved that too), told them they were always welcome to come ask us questions. a few of the kids from came up to talk with me…they were all interested in Physics. Henry was there, I think, and Brian, and Ben. They wanted to know about MIT, and my research, and they taught me that in Chinese there are “capital” numbers and lowercase numbers. They drew the characters for me.” “While we were cleaning up the tables (wiping them down) a girl came up to me and asked: “would you like me to smash the tables?” I knew she meant wipe. First: the tennis ball-throwing game, which was a little chaotic. I think I did a good job with my group, but that was only because I improvised and made up extra rules and was jumping around. “At dinner, I sat with a few of the kids and they asked me about MIT, math/science education, what I want to do when I graduate, whether I want to teach. They told me a little bit about math/science education in China â€" students are good at it, but most don’t like it, because they’re forced to memorize stuff rather than learn to do problem-solving.” “Last night, one of our hosts taught me how to say “I will never love again”; he says it’s common for Chinese people to say this if they’re tired, etc. “Wo bu hui zie ai” I think. I said this to him, which he thought was hilarious, then to our other hosts, who all went into hysterics. One called him a bad influence. She asked me if I know what it means, and I said yes. (The MIT SLP IAP 2013 team, + the principal and a teacher from the school in Xiamen)

Tips for Successful Phone and Skype MBA Interviews

This post is part of a series exploring the different forms MBA interviews take and how you can ace them all! Skype is often used for MBA interviews when an in-person interview isn’t feasible. A Skype interview is a conversation via Skype with video on. Occasionally, when Internet connection isn’t great, the Skype interview may need to be conducted with video off because the video puts more demand on the connection, and I’ve also known of times when a phone interview had to replace Skype because of connection problems. Skype interviews can replace either: †¢ the in-person interview with an adcom member, or †¢ the in-person interview with a student or alumnus. In both cases, follow the guidelines and tips for these two interview formats in the previous linked posts. Why adcoms use this method Skype allows adcoms, alumni, and students to interview applicants in situations where it might not otherwise be possible, e.g., remotely located applicant, sudden change in one party’s schedule, interruptions such as weather-related flight changes, etc. Benefits and pitfalls for applicants †¢ Benefit: can showcase your adaptability and comfort with any communication medium. †¢ Benefit: if you establish a warm, â€Å"human† connection with the interviewer over the technology, it can really stand out and leave a strong positive impression. †¢ Pitfall: you’re at the mercy of the technology functioning well. †¢ Pitfall: it can seem awkward compared to an in-person interview. †¢ Pitfall: you have to pay attention not just to yourself but to your setting and your position vis-à  -vis the camera. How to make this type of interview work for you (This is in addition to all the common sense advice for good MBA interviews and in addition to the advice in the two previous links above): †¢ Dress professionally down to your footwear – it will help you maintain, and reflect, a professional mindset and focus. †¢ It’s tempting to use notes because you can put them out of camera range, but I strongly suggest not doing so; your glances away from the interviewer and to your notes may seem subtle to you, but they will not likely be to your interviewer. †¢ Before the call, prepare the background (i.e. lighting, visuals) and your camera position (you don’t want the camera aiming up at your neck). †¢ Practice a bit on the medium, even though you normally engage well in person. It’s a different sense and feel than in person. †¢ Clarify date, time, and time zone. For some reason mistakes or miscommunications on these simple things are easier with Skype than when scheduling in-person meetings. The best way to ensure that you are prepared for your MBA interviews is to practice with a pro! Check out our Mock Interview Services and learn what you can do to ace those interviews and get accepted to business school! Cindy Tokumitsu has advised hundreds of successful applicants, helping them gain acceptance to top MBA and EMBA programs in her 20 years with Accepted. She would love to help you too. Want Cindy to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Perfect Answers to MBA Interview Questions, a free guide †¢ Walk Me Through Your Resume †¢ Prepare for Interviews with Positive Imagery

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Community Care Fund...

Community Care Fund (CCF), established in early 2011, aims at providing assistance to people who fall outside the social safety net but are facing financial difficulties, and also to those who are within the safety net but are not particularly helped due to special circumstances (Community Care Fund, 2013). This charitable trust fund is planned to collect 5 billions dollars from the government and the business sector respectively, which will be utilized by the CCF Task Force under the Commission on Poverty of the Hong Kong Government. It is believed that through the cooperation between the Government and the business sector, social problems could be alleviated. However, business firms only donated 1.25 billions dollars till now, far below†¦show more content†¦The reasons behind are multifold. Tycoons like Ronnie Chan, the chairperson of Hang Lung Group, rejected to join the CCF because of the lack of participation by corporations in the decision-making role of the fund, whic h makes him doubt the effectiveness of the CCF (Apple Daily, 2011). Others like James Tien critized that alternatives like donating to charities lower the necessity of the CCF, making it become a tax posed on the rich (Apple Daily, 2011). The Government later decided that this project cannot rely on the business side as a result of the indifference of corporations. In 2013 Policy Address, the Government mentioned that it would later put an extra of 15 billions dollars into this fund. The above showed the failure of the CCF in fulfilling one of its objectives, that is to even the financial burden through the cooperation between the Government and business entities. Some legislators even pointed out that the nature of this scheme even changed from a CSR project into a governmental scheme. The Government has already taken the decision-making role of the fund. Now, even over 94% of the fund is provided from public treasury (Singtao, 2013). Another objective is to help the poor that is not covered by the social safety net, or do not receive any specific help from the Government (CommunityShow MoreRelatedPublic Health Policy And The Care Crisis942 Words   |  4 Pagesgaps in the future of health care crisis. The purpose is to protect the underserved and underinsured population by the need to propose public health policy to safeguard individual’s health (Laureate Education, 2012). By protecting community health, in turn, helps control the cost of the over-burdensome healthcare expenses (Getzen, 2013). A public health professional has an obligation to influence the health status through evidence-based policymaking needed to intervene for policy makers. 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Discussion of Margaret Atwoods Rape Fantasies Essay

Discussion of Margaret Atwoods Rape Fantasies The author of the short story Rape Fantasies is Margaret Atwood - She is a renowned Canadian writer of poetry and fiction, she is best known for her novel The Handmaids Tail. The short story that I chose Rape Fantasies comes from Atwood?s first collection of short stories called Dancing girls and Other Stories. ?Remember no one can make you feel inferior without your consent? Eleanor Roosevelt The story Rape Fantasies is about a bunch of females who are sitting around the lunch room during their lunch hour talking about fantasies that they consider to be called ?Rape Fantasies?. The story came about because society has made rape a big†¦show more content†¦We begin with Greta, a blonde with an attitude. She wants all of her peers to admire her. She believes that she is one of the best people at their job. Her fantasy begins in a place where most rape assaults happen, in the victim?s home. Out of reality and back to fantasy she sees a man dressed as a burglar climb onto her balcony on the 18th floor, coming into her apartment and stealing her body. Like most rape cases she did use force of resistance so she allowed him to finish the act of trying to overpower someone. This gives me the assumption that rape to her takes place in a comfortable environment. Were you?re helpless and feel that there is no importance to resisting. The thing that sticks out about rape to her is how the person gets to you. In the story she gave more details about that than the rape its self. In this case her rapist was swinging from balcony to balcony raping the females in her building. Then you have the other overly confident blonde. Her name is Chrissy. Through the story you will find that most people go by the facts of places were rape occurs because just like Greta, Chrissie?s rape fantasy takes place in her home. Chrissy starts of in a particular room in the house , a room that you would think a person would have to really be looking for you to rape in order to go their , the bathroom. In her fantasy she sees herself getting raped in the

Machiavelli was influenced by Plato and Aristotle - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 979 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category People Essay Level High school Topics: Niccolo Machiavelli Essay Did you like this example? In Machiavellis writing, it gives the reader a window to see into what he perceives as virtue. He was a philosopher who believed in the ideals of an authoritative figure being there to guide, or uphold his followers similar as a pillar, with respect and leadership. Although, Machiavellis theory is quite different, and in some way contradicts, from other philosophers, it is still respected and at times, proven by people of high authority. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Machiavelli was influenced by Plato and Aristotle" essay for you Create order Machiavelli was influenced by philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, and it is for that reason he is able to make theoretical arguments. His influence from philosophers before him is quite different due to the way that he rejected Aristotles theory of virtue completely. Although, his opinion based on his knowledge and understanding of virtue differed greatly, he did create his own definition of what he believed virtue to be. Machiavelli rejected Aristotles philosophy of virtue. He, instead, believed that virtue was strength power, excellence and rigor. He, too, held a strong rejection of traditional morality. There was an idea that a man concerned with the future should always follow in the footsteps of men who were excellent for if he does not succeed at the very least, he was on the right path. Imitation of those who were in power, no matter how good or bad they ruled, was how someone achieved excellence. He also spoke of Brother Girolamo who could not make the unbelievers believe in his new orders. If he would have overcome the difficulties in conducting his affairs then he would have showed a great deal of virtue. a n example referred to is a dominican friar by the name of Savonarola, praised for his accomplishment of convincing Florentines that he spoke with God, by Machiavelli even though it led to his terrible end. He then continues to say that once they were held in great respect with no more c oncerns for those who envy them, they remain powerful, secure, honored, and happy (Machiavelli 24-25). Respect was what held them in power, but also what kept them content. Once there was no more respect from the people who followed them then they lost their virtue of strength. Aristotles theory of virtue was that good habits of the soul by which we act attain happiness. The approach Machiavelli took of virtue was quite different from Aristotles theory. Throughout the text, Machiavelli expressed his belief that virtue was based on the power and strength of an individual. His use of virtue can cause issues in how his theory of virtue is used. His theory of virtue can be problematic depending on the situation. For example, in the story of Alexander VI after all was said and done, Machiavelli said that his choices when using his power and trying to accomplish more led to his ruin. The intentions to gain control of other states through disorder led the duke to have many unresolved issues that eventually caught up to him. In the text he says whoever believes that among great personages new benefits will make old injuries be forgotten deceives himself (Machiavelli 33). Part of his theory of virtue is the rejection of traditional morality which can be interpreted as even the strong and powerful are not immortal. Even the strongest people can be too confident in their strength that lead to issues for those in authority or other positions. Alexander VI was the first relevant figure that Machiavelli employs to express his idea of virtue. The situation of Alexander VI started with making his son, the duke, great. He then wanted to make his son the lord of a state of the church, but he knew it was not possible due to the circumstances. The power was long under the protection of individuals that would not consent to it as well as to those who feared the greatness of the pope that he could not trust. His use of his own power was to create disorder in the states so he could make himself lord over them. There was some effort that was needed on his part which led him to create friendships with other places. Although, his intentions did seem to be wrongful by the way he chose to achieve his goal, Machiavelli did make sure that he was praised for helping others. Machiavelli begins by saying And because this point is deserving of notice and of being imitated by others which is in reference to the duke creating a place of peace a nd control in Romagna (Machiavelli 29). Eventually, Machiavelli does say he did believe that some of his other choices led to his ultimate ruin. Specifically referring to the issues he left behind that eventually caught up to the duke no matter how much he tried to escape them. Most philosophers hold their own theory of what virtue really means and Machiavelli is no different. His theory differs most noticeably from Aristotles although both philosophers have reasons to believe their theories. The theory of virtue that Machiavelli believed in was expressed through many individuals. There was also multiple of other characteristics that Machiavelli praised besides the use of strength of those in power. For instance, in some cases it seemed better to praise the accomplishments of the men who used the power they had to help others such as it was for the case of the duke. He clarified that they were still capable of making mistakes that could ruin the progress they made, because they were not immortal. In other cases, it appeared that devious behavior was praised for gaining more power over others. In the case of Alexander VI he wanted to use disorder to accomplish his goal. Machiavellis theory of virtue overall incorporates many possibilities of what good and b ad power and strength can be interpreted as along with what it can do to a person if not used logically.

The Birth Of The Monastic Movement Affect Augustine s...

†¢ Augustine- Born in North Africa, becomes the bishop of Hippo and writes the confessions †¢ Monica- Augustine’s mother and a devoted Christian †¢ Adeodatus- He was a â€Å"gift from God† and was very unhappy when he lost his partner after 13 years †¢ Manicheism- a new religion, Augustine became part of this religion when he was about 20 years old. †¢ Elect- Special people were vegetarians and are certain fruits and vegetables. †¢ Hearers- People that were forbidden from the Elects. †¢ Ambrose of Milan- a Christian bishop and also a provincial governor. †¢ Donatists- were the opponents of Caecilian †¢ original sin- The idea that Adam and Eve ruined the human nature. †¢ Pelagius- Is a monk that is from Britain and went to Rome. †¢ Predestination- The idea that God damned people before hand. Respond to the Following questions 1 to 2 full paragraphs each: 1. How did the rise of the monastic movement affect Augustine s thinking about marriage in his Confessions? The monastic movement was questioning if it was the right thing to do, leaving the city to follow the Christian faith. The main idea that was on Christians minds was of sex, marriage, property and a career. Augustine wants to be baptized under the Christian faith when he was 33 years old because he made the decision that he was going to renounce about marriage and a successful career. When he wrote in his book the Confessions being married â€Å"Christians seemed like a pale approximation of authentic Christianity.†( The Christian

Coffee Shop Draft Proposal Free Essays

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION From a cultural standpoint, coffeehouses largely serve as centers of social interaction. The coffeehouse provides social members with a place to cognate, talk, write, read, entertain one another, or pass the time, whether individually or in small groups of 2 or 3. Every Morning it will not be complete without breakfast and a cup of coffee in the table of the Filipinos. We will write a custom essay sample on Coffee Shop Draft Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes they only drink coffee to fill up their stomach when they are in hurry for office or even for school; it keeps them awake. They say that it help’s blood to flow better. Coffee shops or coffeehouses have been in use since 16th century, particularly in the Middle East, where Turkish coffee house was drunk and men played board games or read books and listened to music. Many people find that coffee contains stimulants called caffeine. Filtering hot water through ground beans makes the best. A special filter for coffee is used to create such aroma, and when settled, and turned into a ground-powdered coffee, just a hot water will do the rest. Many people drink instant coffee, as it is quick and easy to prepare. Evaporating huge amounts of prepared coffee makes instant coffee powder. The powder dissolves in hot water to make a coffee drink instantly. Coffee is drunk by about one third of the word people making the most popular beverages after tea. Coffee shops are establishments where people gather to enjoy a cup of coffee. In most shops, there is a wide range of options with the type of coffee drinks offered, starting with plain coffee and moving through a selection of specialty coffee drinks that are often difficult to find at restaurants and other locations. Many shops of this type also offer a limited selection of food and other beverages, making them ideal for a quick snack or a light meal. In some cases, the coffee shop is part of a large corporation. When this is the case, decisions about what types of coffee are sold are made at corporate level. The corporation will often have specific instructions as to the type of coffee maker that is used in the shop, as well as a particular brand of coffee roaster for the raw coffee beans that are purchased in bulk and resold to the local franchises. This uniform approach makes it possible for the same level of quality to be found at any coffee shop associated with the corporation. While the idea of a coffee shop was once limited to metropolitan areas, shops of this type are now found in many smaller towns and even some rural areas. With a product line built around one of the most popular beverages in the world, a coffee shop stands an excellent chance of becoming a popular gathering spot, assuming the location is good and the prices are within reason. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study seems to determine the feasibility of establishing a coffee shop at. This study has the following areas of concern: MARKETING ASPECT 1. Who will be the possible costumers? 2. What is the potential target of the coffee shop business? 3. What marketing strategy should be adopted in order to assure the success of the business? 4. What is the present demand and supply situation for the project and prosperity for the future? 5. What is the primary target market of the business? OPERATIONAL ASPECT 1. What are the machines and equipment’s that will be needed for the operation? 2. Where will be the project should be located and why that place is suitable for the proposed project? 3. What form of machines will be most appropriate and effective for the proposed project? 4. How to determine the place suited for business? 5. How many machines needed for the operation of the business? ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECT 1. What will be the organization set up of the business? 2. What benefits should be given to the staff? 3. What will be the human resource requirement of the project their qualification and responsibilities? 4. What form of organization will be most appropriate and effective for the proposed project? . What management organization will adopt the policies and strategies to attain the objective of the project? FINANCIAL ASPECT 1. How much will be the total cost of the business? 2. What will be the primary financing the business? 3. How long will it take to recover the installed primary capital? 4. What financial strategies are to be adopted for the feasibility of t he project initial capitalization and growth? 5. How to determine the sources for financing the business? OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY This study was designed to determine the feasibility and accessibility of the Daniel Cafe at the Robinson’s Place Ermita, Manila The study aims to locate the best possible site for the type of coffee shop chosen, taking into consideration the degree of competition, the potential for growth and expansion, and the contribution to profit. The overall objective of the study is to determine feasibility of putting up this type of business (Coffee Shop) and to be able to determine the needs of the costumers. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The study undertakes to prove whether the proposed project would e feasible or not. The results of the study are significant with regard to following. With the establishment of this proposed project this can add revenue to the government because of the taxes it will pay. The proposed project will benefit the people by providing employment while also serving the public within an entertaining coffee shop. Individuals, researcher and students who are doing studies regarding this particular line of industry may in one way or another be benefited by the study and lastly it will provide employment to those who possesses necessary skills but are unemployed. They will be given the opportunity to utilize their talents if this study will be pushed through and materializes. In addition, people would engage putting up a coffee shop business, and therefore will be benefited of the different aspects in the same manner that this could be a help in the concepts. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY The scope of the study seems encompassing since the culture of coffee drinking is universal in nature and in all four corners of the world. However this study limits its scope to finding out why drinking coffee will persist even with the entry of different beverages. The study has limited its discussion on the Filipino culture in particular, the coffee drinking activity of its people based in Metro Manila. Taft Avenue is a place located in the center of Metro Manila, where one can find the bulk of the coffee shops. This place is frequently visited by the student and professionals coming from different part of Metro Manila. METHODOLOGY The realization of the study would seem impossible without the use of the researcher methods and techniques, which are fundamentals to the accumulation of data. The idea accumulation proper, the researcher made use of the analytical sampling technique which is appropriate in the date gathering for establishing the business. We also use straight line method in getting the data for the supply and demand computation. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE LOCAL LITERATURE So the coffeehouse — a so-called third place, beyond home and work, that the sociologist Ray Oldenburg has posited is crucial to developing a sense of place, civic engagement and democracy — offers an ever-dwindling opportunity â€Å"to share an experience in public,† Mr. Pendergrast said. Coffee shops have become driving forces in gentrifying areas, with merchant groups and development advocates looking to establish cafes to seed other types of mom-and-pop activity. In Ditmas Park, Brooklyn, a politically engaged coffeehouse called Vox Pop caused a minor sensation when it opened on Cortelyou Road in 2004, quickly becoming a symbol for what some saw as the neighborhood’s new cachet. It, too, has struggled financially in recent years, and it has managed to survive in part by selling shares to customers. Jan Rosenberg, a sociologist and real estate agent who has been active in spurring commercial development in the neighborhood, helped lure an outlet of the small chain Connecticut Muffin nearby. Now she is looking for a cafe for Newkirk Avenue a few blocks away. It brings a flock of people to a street — everyone likes a good cup of coffee — and it gives them a chance to sit down and bump into each other,† Ms. Rosenberg said. â€Å"It’s simple, really, but if you don’t have that and you’re always getting the train to go to work and getting your coffee there, you don’t have those bump-into-someo ne experiences, and that’s important in a city neighborhood. † FOREIGN LITERATURE The story of how coffee growing and drinking spread around the world is one of the greatest and most romantic in history. It starts in the Horn of Africa, in Ethiopia, where the coffee tree probably originated in the province of Kaffa. There are various fanciful but unlikely stories surrounding the discovery of the properties of roasted coffee beans. One story has it that an Ethiopian goatherd was amazed at the lively behaviour of his goats after chewing red coffee berries. What we know with more certainty is that the succulent outer cherry flesh was eaten by slaves taken from present day Sudan into Yemen and Arabia, through the great port of its day, Mocha, now synonymous with coffee. Coffee was certainly being cultivated in Yemen by the 15th century and probably much earlier than that. Mocha was also the main port for the one sea route to Mecca, and was the busiest place in the world at the time. But the Arabs had a strict policy not to export any fertile beans, so that coffee could not be cultivated anywhere else. The coffee bean is the seed of the coffee tree, but when stripped of its outer layers it becomes infertile. The race to make off with some live coffee trees or beans was eventually won by the Dutch in 1616, who brought some back to Holland where they were grown in greenhouses. Initially, the authorities in Yemen actively encouraged coffee drinking as it was considered preferable to the extreme side effects of Kat, a shrub whose buds and leaves were chewed as a stimulant. The first coffeehouses were opened in Mecca and were called ‘kaveh kanes’. They quickly spread throughout the Arab world and became successful places where chess was played, gossip was exchanged, and singing, dancing and music were enjoyed. They were luxuriously decorated and each had an individual character. Nothing quite like the coffeehouse had existed before: a place where society and business could be conducted in comfortable surroundings and where anyone could go, for the price of coffee. The Arabian coffeehouses soon became centres of political activity and were suppressed. Coffee and coffeehouses were subsequently banned several times over the next few decades, but they kept reappearing. Eventually a solution was found when coffeehouses and coffee were taxed. DEFINITION OF TERMS AROMA pleasant smell, good fragrance. BULK great in quantitative number or volume BUSHES a low shrub with way branches CAFFEINE organic compounds of the porcine ground, accruing in coffee shop bean tealeaf Cappuccino  A decadent combination of strong Espresso smoothed out with equal quantities of steamed milk and foamed milk, creating a luxurious cap that can be garnished with either chocolate or cinnamon powder. Usually presented in a large classic cup. COFFEE an evergreen shrubs, leaves ival, in opposite pairs flower white fragrant. COFFEE BEAN the seeds of the coffee plant COFFEE GRINDER a tool used in grinding coffee COFFEE HOUSE a shop selling coffeeand other refreshments especially one frequented in England. COFFEE SHOP small restaurant that maybe attach to a hotel, serving meals and snacks, especially coffee. CREAM the rich fatty part of milk Espresso A small but potent coffee served black, in a small demitasse cup or glass. Characterized by a flavor and aroma so intense they bite. The perfect Espresso can only be created by forcing water at 9 bar pressure and 88 C through a tightly compact wad of 8 grams of freshly ground coffee beans, producing 1. 7 fluid oz of coffee in exactly 22 seconds. Such precision is crucial for what is the base of most specialty coffees. Espresso is the fastest growing method of making coffee. All the other methods involve a ‘natural’ form of infusion, and for a small cost, you can have a system that will make acceptable coffee and quickly. High quality espresso is more expensive to make because extracting the greatest amount of flavor from the bean requires a high level of pressure (8-10 bar) and thus a high quality machine. Frappuccino is the name and registered trademark of a Starbucks blended ice beverage and a bottled coffee beverage. Starbucks says that its frappuccino recipe was invented in 1995 by Greg Rogers, an assistant manager of a Starbucks Store on Santa Monica’s Third Street Promenade and was launched on April Fool’s Day in 1995. The original frappuccino is a blend of ice and a mix constituted of coffee, water, milk, and various syrups. The result is a beverage that is a little icy like a slush, but with a consistency that is similar to a thin milkshake FILTERING a machine for percolating espresso one or preparing coffee as a drink by passing the boiling water repeatedly through the ground beans. HARVEST gathering in the ripened crops Macchiato A small strong coffee with a delicate first impression created by placing a small amount of foamed milk on top of the cream. Served in a demitasse cup or glass. A shot or two of espresso that has been poured into a cup filled with steamed milk and topped off with foamed milk (about a 1/4†³). MARKET a meeting of people for buying and selling merchandise RESTAURANT place for food and entertainment SEASON a period of time when something plentiful SUBTROPICAL the regions bordering on tropics SUGAR a white crystalline substance obtain from sugar cane TEA a shrub growing in china mixed with water VARIETY diversity, an assortment Questionnaire Please check the answer that suits for you 1. Do you love drinking coffee? __ Yes __ No 2. How often do you drink coffee? __ Once a day __ Twice a day __ 3 times or more 3. Do you prefer cheap coffees to expensive ones? __Yes __No 4. Which Coffee Products do you prefer? __Espresso __Brewed Coffee __Cappuccino __Frapuccino 5. Which do you prefer? __ Hot Coffee __ Cold Coffee CHAPTER II MARKETING ASPECT INDUSTRY PROFILE Coffee Shop industry in the Philippines is now flourishing because of the coming of different imported coffee shop usually from US. Unlike before when coffee shops were rarely found, now they are sprouting like mushrooms everywhere. The known ones are Starbucks Coffee, Seattle’s Best Coffee, Gloria Jeans, Coffee Bean and others. We only knew one which is Filipino owned, Figaro. Seeing their success in this industry, we would also like to have a share in the market and eventually outgrow those aliens. The competition will be tough, but still we are certain to have a â€Å"slice of the pie† through our extravagant coffee and service, with the lowest price as possible. Coffee shop is one of the most important establishments nowadays. Filipino loves to drink coffee. It is the place where everyone is longing for. As population increases, demands for coffee are also increase. These give opportunities for some establishment for coffee shop to become stable for its operation and its investor to become profitable. The present administration is inviting and encouraging entrepreneurs to put up small and medium scale establishments because it will create a big impact to the present status of our economy. Consumer taste and personal income drive demand. The profitability of individual companies depends on the ability to secure prime locations, drive store traffic, and deliver high-quality products. Large companies have advantages in purchasing, finance, and marketing. Small companies can compete effectively by offering specialized products, serving a local market, or providing superior customer service. Major products include beverages and food. Beverages include brewed coffee and tea; espresso drinks (cappuccinos, cafe lattes); cold blended beverages; bottled water; soft drinks; and juices. Food includes pastries, bakery items, desserts, sandwiches, and candy. Many coffee shops sell whole or ground coffee beans for home consumption. Some coffee shops sell coffee or espresso-making equipment, grinders, mugs, and other accessories. Most coffee shops serve high-quality, premium coffee known as specialty coffee. Coffee shops compete with businesses such as convenience stores, gas stations, quick service and fast food restaurants, gourmet food shops, and donut shops. DESCRIPTION AND USES OF THE PRODUCT Daniel’s Cafe offers a different flavor of coffee. Here in the properties of the products, the partners would like tell the necessary and mostly the basic in making the different flavors of coffee. It is nice to know how the products became as tasteful, what are the procedures, the ingredients that go into certain products. The Daniel’s Cafe will operate a self- service basis. The customer service starts their entry to the establishment. After the waiter crew had taken the orders an transmitted them to the food counter, customers are lined-up to pay their bills to the cashier. After the payment, the respective orders are served and the customers choose and sit on the tables an start to enjoy their coffee and food POPULATION / CONSUMER BEHAVIOR The progressive town of Manila. It has of population with in the vicinity. It is also accessible to some cities or town like Pasay, Quezon City, Marikina, Antipolo, Makati an etc. So even passerby may be attracted to our coffee shop. We want to cater to classes A, B, and C of the society who can affor our prices and amenities. Recreation is another thing we can offer. If they want to have fun an relaxation, Daniel’s Cafe is where they would want to be. DEMAND ANALYSIS To determined the historical demand of certain business is very important because this will serve as a guide for the computation of the future demand. It will based on the number of the target market. It is greatly needed to identify the demand situation. Our group conduct interview and distributed questionnaire near the location to acquire the necessary and needed information. Historical Demand Table 1 YEAR |DEMAND | |2008 |63,000 | |2009 |64,000 | |2010 |66,000 | |2011 |69. 000 | Projected Demand Table 2 YEAR |DEMAND | |2012 |63,544 | |2013 |64,523 | |2014 |65,675 | |2015 |66,554 | |2016 |66,777 | |2017 |67,999 | Supply Analysis Table 3 PRODUCT |2010 |2011 |2012 | |Coffee |9000 |10,000 |11,000 | |Sugar |9,000 |10,000 |11,000 | |Cream |7,000 |9,000 |12,000 | |Ice |5,000 |6,000 |7,000 | |Milk 4,000 |5,000 |6,000 | |Whip Cream |11,000 |12,000 |13,000 | |Choco |9,000 |10,000 |11,000 | |Iced Tea |11,000 |12,000 |13,000 | |Mocha |4,000 |5,000 |6,000 | |Strawberry |6,000 |7,000 |8,000 | |Mango |9,000 |10,000 |11,000 | |Apple |12,000 |13,000 |14,000 | |Berries |3,000 |4,000 |5,000 | |Other Fruits |6,000 |7,000 |8,000 | DEMANDS AND SUPPLY CONSOLIDATION It is the overall consolidation of supply and demand for the first year operation. Through this we could determine if the company will provide the required number of orders by saying solution or by having between supply and demand based in our findings the supply must than the demand it means that the consumers will not satisfy the product it means the market. PURCHASES Raw Materials Espresso Shot |Caffe latte | | | | |1 tsp espresso |1 tsp espresso | |? cup of steamed milk |? cup steamed milk | |1 tsp foamed milk |? cup foamed milk | |? cup aromatic cream |? up hot water | |? cup of hot water | | |Cappucino |Caffe Mocha | | | | |1/4 cup foamed milk |? cup whipped cream | |? cup steamed milk |? teamed milk | |1/4 cup espresso |1 tsp espresso | | |1 tsp mocha syrup | |Creamy Chocolate Frosting |Daniel’s Coffee | | | | |2 ? confectioners sugar |? steamed milk | |6 T unsweetened cocoa power |? rewed coffee | |6 T butter |1 tsp sugar | |5 T evaporated milk | | |1 T vanilla extract | | |Daniel’s Hot Tea |Satiny Chocolate Glaze | | | | |1 tsp brooked bond tea |? cup semisweet chocolate cake | |1 tsp sugar |3 T butter | |? cup steamed milk |? teaspoon vanilla extract | |? up hot water | | |Banana Brownie Cake |Rock Cake | | | | |1 cup all purpose cream |125 g strong flour | |3 T butter |100 ml milk | |1 T butter |125 g soft flour | |? t vanilla extract |10 g baking powder | |1 L ripe banana |Few drops lemon essence | |1 cup sugar |60 g mixed fruit egg wash | |2 egg whites |125 g margarine or butter | |? up buttermilk |25 g granulated sugar | |1 tsp vanilla extract |125 g castor sugar | | |1 egg | |Apple Cake |Cream of Chicken Soup | | | | |3 app les |125 g butter | |? up butter |125 g flour | |2 eggs |2 liters white chicken stock | |1 cup milk |200 ml cream | |3 cups all purpose flour |50 g butter | |1 tsp salt | | |Cream of Asparagus Soup |Cream of Cauliflower soup | | | | |125 g butter |125 g butter | |125 g flour |125 g flour | |2 L vegetable stock |2. L of vegetable stock | |800 g asparagus stalks |1 K cauliflower | |200 ml cream |1 bouquet | |50 g butter |200 ml cream | |Salt and pepper |50 g butter | |Cream of Mushroom Soup |Crumb | | | | |125 g butter |? cup flour | |125 g flour |? up sugar | |2 liters vegetable stock |1 cinnamon | |800 g mushroom |Dash nutmeg | |200 ml cream | | |50 g butter | | |Salt an pepper | | MARKETING STRATEGY/ MARKET PLANNING/ MARKET SEGMENTATION To attract different costumers business should have different strategies regarding their products and packing to satisfy the needs or wants of their costumers. A product is which produced by nature, labor, though and chemical change. PROMOTIONAL STRATEGY/ ACTIVITY We propose to have very heavy advertising by news paper, pamphlets, billboard and radio announcements as time passes the advertising will be weekly and monthly basis. Under the heading of sales promotion are many schemes deviser to ohld and attract costumer the proposed coffee shop will utilize different promotional materials such a different style of menu card, brochures, banners to attract costumers. Our target market is an urban place with many business establishments around having this set up, it will be easy for us to have more potential customers and be easy accessible to all. PRICING STRATEGY Since Daniel Cafe is using differentiation in quality of food and services as well in pricing too. Pricing of good is very important in competitive activity that’s why Paul’s Cafe comes up with low prices strategy. Its competitors are having quit higher prices that Paul’s Cafe SELLING PRICE/ COST PER UNIT People now a day would buy the best product in a lowest possible price. Our goal in prixing is to achieve the investment of the net sales, to stabilize prize and to improve market share and maximize the profit. Hot Drinks |8 oz |16 oz | |Brewed Coffee |39 Php |69 Php | |Espresso |45 Php |65 Php | |Cappuccino |45 Php |79 Php | |Cafe Latte |55 Php |75 Php | |Cafe Mocha |59 Php |79 Php | |Chocolate |45 Php |69 Php | |Steamed Milk |55 Php |67 Php | |Americano |66 Php | 79 Php | Cold Drinks |12 oz | |Ice Coffee |49 Php | |Decaf |59 Php | |Ice Cappucino |59 Php | |Ice Mocha |85 Php | |Ice Latte |69 Php | |Iced Tea |45 Php | |Chocolate |77 Php | |Chilled Milk |88 Php | CHAPTER III PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONAL ASPECT DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION PROCESS Production or Operational Aspect is important for every business. Business will be nothing without this aspect. The use of flow chart could help show the sequence of and the relationship of work until to another. First in the operation of Daniel’s Cafe is purchasing of much needed supply that is good for one month use of operation. Then this supply goes to designated operation channel, the ingredients needed in the operation for the one month will go directly in the coffee station. The production of goods will be at the business site itself. The Operational Aspect is very broad aspect. It focuses on the whole operation of the business from making the product to serving. He process should be well organized to produce a good quality of product at low operational cost. Daniel’s cafe offers a different flavor of coffee. Here in the properties of the products, the partners would like tell the necessary and mostly the basic in making the different flavors of coffee. It is nice to know how the products became as tasteful, what are the procedures, the ingredients that go into a certain products. OPERATING HOURS PAUL’S CAFE opens at 10:00 in the morning everyday to accommodate the early lunch crowd. It closes at 10:00 in the evening from Saturday to Sundays and at 12 midnight every Monday to Friday. It will operate 7 days a week. DESIGNING PRODUCTION FACILITY FLOOR PLAN PLANT LOCATION The business will be located at Robinson’s Place Manila. The site was chosen because it is strategically located in the middle of business or commercial district of Pedro Gil and school areas. The location and the size of the are to be rented are suitable to our proposed project. Hence, the area is accessible to any mode of transportation. PROFILE OF PLANT LOCATION PLANT LAYOUT The plant layout for the business should be drawn by the engineer in accordance with the design preferred by the partners it was located at Robinson’s place Ermita. It was a coffee garden style model. The area is about 61 square meters and it will be divided as the business required. It was a one story building but it has terraced outside and a parking lot for more convenient of our customers. PROPERTY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Espresso Machine Tea BrewersCoffee Decanters Decanters Gourmet WhipBlendersTables and Chairs INTERNAL CONTROL The proponents will maintain policy relative to the maintenance of accuracy and cleanliness in the work place. Garbage can and bags be distributed outside and inside. The next is the price of materials, the partners will look for the sources that can supply the quality raw materials at lower cost. Utilities are very important to our proposed business. The electricity, which supplies power for our coffee shop without the electricity the business, cannot continue for its operation. We need electricity for the lights, and for the machines making the coffee product. Electricity will coordinate to the office of MERALCO. Supply of water will also be important for us to be able to maintain the cleanliness of our business. Manila water will be our chosen supplier. Another important utility is telephone, which is used for communicating consumers and suppliers. The Philippine Long Distance Company will install this. QUALITY CONTROL TECHNIQUES The secret of good food lies in strict control. A quality control procedure id to be set up at Daniel’s Cafe that requires strict adherence from everybody. The manager will be held responsible for its strict implementation. Strict adherence to recipes is closely monitored and controlled to achieve the goal of standardized to quality. The recipes should have exact measurements and weights of the ingredients, the preparation and mixing instruction as well as the approved and tested substitution of the original recipe. One of the required policies that a coffee shop should implement is cleanliness of the business; we are looking forward to a coffee shop that will give our customer a welcome and relaxing ambience s they enter and realized the beauty of our coffee shop, offering good services and product. It is our one way of inviting customer to patronize our business. We assure our customers that our products will be dispose properly, on a right place for the assurance of their safety. CHAPTER IV ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ASPECT TYPE OF ORGANIZATION Partnership A partnership is a type of business entity in which partners (owners) share with each other the profits or losses of the business. Partnerships are often favored over corporations for taxation purposes, as the partnership structure does not generally incur a tax on profits before it is distributed to the partners (i. e. there is no dividend tax levied). However, depending on the partnership structure and the jurisdiction in which it operates, owners of a partnership may be exposed to greater personal liability than they would as shareholders of a corporation. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE Organizational structure are diagram forms representing the important aspect of an organization including their major functions and their corresponding relationship, the channels of supervision and the relative authority of each employees in charge of their respective function. The proposed business venture is intended to create market and to render processing services at affordable price. Taking into accounts is the size of the business its importance to determined the appropriate organizational structure which sole proprietorship, partnership or corporation. The proposed name will be â€Å"DANIEL’S CAFE†. The organizational structure will serve as useful tools in helping visualize the organization. The structure will indicate the difference function to be performed, the grouping relationship with one another. This will also serve as guide for everyone to know whom he/she will report. In making the organizational structure there are things to be considered. The first one is the efficiency that will come to the specialization, second is clarity of job definition. Internally, the company will employ laborers including the manager. The role of all partners will analyzed the flow of the business and will monitor from time to time. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE PERSONNEL AND LABORER REQUIREMENTS The proposed business implemented by establishing in the DANIEL’S CAFE shall consist of the following workers and personnel. |POSITION |NUMBER OF EMPLOYEESS | |GENERAL MANAGER |1 | |ADMIN SUPERVISOR |1 | |ACCOUNTANT |1 | |PURCHASER |1 |CLERK |1 | |CREW |3 | |CASHIER |1 | |SECURITY GUARD |1 | DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES MANAGER – Plans and organized for the operation of the business – Concern with planning activities and establishing goals and objectives – Responsible for organizing appropriate structure, staffing, directing and motivating employees to attain those objectives – Responsible for decision making Concern with controlling and evaluating employee’s performance SUPERVISOR – Must know all the operational transactions in the business – Responsible to establish an effective means of administrative control which will permit appropriate delegation on authority – Responsible of his subordinate ACCOUNTANT – S hall be responsible for the costing, recording and preparation of financial statements – Shall check daily sales reports of the coffee shop PURCHASER – Responsible to purchase all the inventory of the restaurant CASHIER – Responsible for the custody and safe keeping of cash receipts from customers – Prepares daily cash sales and disbursement reports – Able to entertain the customers CREW He/ she is responsible in assisting the customers, and attaining to the customers demand – He / she provide the maintenance of cleanliness of the store area COMPENSATION SCHEME/ SALARY AND WAGES Compensation is defined as the adequate and equitable remuneration of personnel for their contribution to organization objectives. Some recent morale surveys tended to minimize the importance of monetary income to employees SALARY WAGES GANTT CHART/ PROJECTED TIME TABLE In estimating a business like coffee shop, it has to undergo different activities to be able to pu rsue such kind of business. There are schedules for different activities that the business has to make and ensure that even actual operation of the business. GANTT CHART | | | | | | | | |ACTIVITIES |JULY |AUGUST |SEPT |OCT |NOV |DEC |JAN | PREPARATION | | | | | | | | | LICENSED AND PERMIT | | | | | | | | | RENOVATION | | | | | | | | | PURCHASE OF MATERIAL | | | | | | | | | NORMAL OPERATION | | | | | | | | | FEASIBILITY Proposed Study on Establishing Coffee Cafe At _______________ ———————– PURCHASER CLERK SERVICE CREW (3) CASHIER SECURITY GUARD ACCOUNTANT ADMINISTRATIVE SUPERVISOR MANAGER How to cite Coffee Shop Draft Proposal, Papers

Research Data Interpreting Quantitative Data

Question: Discuss about the Research Data for Interpreting Quantitative Data. Answer: What is the nature of data collected using Likert scale? Likert scales are psychological tests and instruments of measuring that are commonly used in measuring attitudes. The attitude expressed is by means of opinions by customers. What really is paramount is the attitude of who believes. The scale measuring attitudes analyzes the feelings, thoughts and opinions of the person to the facts already specified. The scale measures individual attitudes or predispositions in particular social contexts or events. Limitations of data collected through likert scale The main limitation of data collected through likert scale is generally grouping data collected into different hierarchies mostly levels of five point scale. The five point scale has usually been shown to reach the upper limits. The standard and mean deviation are parameters for descriptive statistics which are invalid (Echon, n.d.). If the number of people interviewed is small then there will be a huge variation in the score. The other limitation is many people will opt not to respond to the question due to the processes involved in logging in the websites to respond to the questions. Many will also opt not to respond to the questions ignoring them. Although the staff members may appear very knowledgeable in regards to the products offered by the store, the customers are less aware regarding the staff level of knowledge for the products. One hundred customers were interviewed concerning this question and the results was an overwhelming response that they agree to the fact that employees are not aware of the product. Io of the customers strongly disagrees, 25 of the customers at 25% disagree, 3 customers are unsure, 17 at 17% agree while 5 of the customers strongly agree. When the data is compiled into a single score, the score is calculated by multiplying and adding the five responses together and the dividing the total results by the number of respondents which is 100 customers. The single score received is 3.19. The reason why this calculation may be incorrect is that the number of customers interviewed is very small. 100 customers is not a true representation of the entire population of customers. This number is too small to find the correct single score and therefore the single score earlier reported. An increase in the number of customers responding will change the single score to be less than 3.19. For example, if the number of customers increases to 200, then the single score will be (319/200) which is equivalent to 1.595. I strongly disagree with this likert scale and the scre given of 3.19. this is due to the small number of people in the survey. The number will not represent the real number of customers. Whether the people filling out the survey are an actual representation Although a survey takes a sample of the population in question in this case the customers, the higher the number of customers took for the survey, the higher the chances for an accurate answer. 100 customers are very few to get the correct impression in this scenario. Through the likert scale, the number of people making all the contribution should be high to get the true representation of what kind of response the customer feel toward the knowledge of employee knowledge of the products (Echon, n.d.). Reasons The reason why this number will give an inaccurate representation is because it is a very small number compared to the total customer base. Secondly, voting online or through the companys website does not show the cluster or demographics of the population. For example, more males may vote more than the females while in actual sense the females shop more than the male customers and would therefore make a more informed decision. Additionally, interactions between the customers and the employees are of different levels. The law of attraction states that unlike poles attract, therefore, many male customers may interact more with the female employees ignoring their male colleagues. The resulting survey may be skewed or biased, more so, with the small number of customers in the survey. Reliability of the data The data is not very reliable while the likert scale is not as conclusive as it should be to give a concrete answers due to its nature of varying responses. The data is not very reliable to be used due to the small number of correspondence. A survey should have the maximum number of people to represent the entire population of the area of survey. The percentages being used in the data are not accurate while the customers who vary in agreeing and disagreeing are considerably very low. Therefore for reliability of the data, the number of customers in the survey should be increased while the likert scale should have a dominant answer, for example, disagree at 70%. We discussed four types of quantitative data in class nominal, ordinal, ratio and interval. What types of data are collected from each of the following questions? Justify your answer. Requires one of two responses male or female A nominal variable is one that "distinguishes between ordering them subject to a limited number of categories, including the type or class." When a nominal variable is an immutable characteristic trait or a participant research, the term "variable attribute" is also applicable. As an example, a dataworktablewithresults of the testsin a column. Theother2columnsshowthe genderof everyevaluationtakeras well as thekind oftest run. The outcomesof thestudiesare not nominal datasince theyprovideparticularfiguresthat may beadded in,normalor evenput intonumericalprogression. Gender is a nominal variable,since itbasicallycategorizesevaluationtakers in asetselection ofgroupings: male and female. Collects values representing temperatures in Fahrenheit Conversely, quantitative variablescalculatedrather thanexplainingthe data. The intervalparametersare quantitativeparametersmissingapractical0. Thetemperatures scales arean outstanding example,in whichthe Fahrenheitas well asCelsius scalesare not the sameand alsoarbitrary0points.Lastly, the proportionparametersare quantitative variablesintrinsicwith a0pointshowingthelackof thepresentedcharacter. Fahrenheitfalls short ofapracticalzerothus;they could becategorizedjust as interval data. An ordinal variable,for exampleastudyingleveldetermined bythequalification, places the data inthe perfectorder,howeverthe distance is not quantitative ranges.For instance, the reading levelclasseightispossibly nottwice astoughto gradefour. Collects values representing temperatures in Kelvin A ratio variable,has gotmost oftheattributesof an interval variable,as well aspossessesa definitedescriptionofzero.0.Whilethe variableis the same as0 .0,there is certainlynothingof thisvariable.Parameterssuch asheight,heaviness, enzymeactionare ratio variables.Temperatures,statedin For evenC, are not a ratio variable. Temperaturesofzero.0 onbothof thesescalesdoes not necessarily mean'no heat' Nevertheless, temperature in Kelvin is a ratio variable ,sincezero.0 Kelvindoes indeed indicate'no heat' . Ratio: This is data range with a natural zero point. For example, time to find a product on a website is the relationship, because time is 0 significant. Kelvin has a point 0 (absolute zero). The steps in both these scales have the same degree of magnitude Number of items customer buys in whole numbers this is categorized as Ordinal variables: designated categories, but have the additional property of allowing the sort categories from the largest to the smallest, from best to worst or the first to the last (Cramer, 2003). Ordinal variables considered common classification of social class (high, medium, low, indigent), level of education class (last year, first year, etc.) and housing quality (standard, insufficient in ruins) What type of data is bank account balances Bank account balances is an interval variable.The interval variables give a sense of "how much" or "that size" which so hot, so obstinate, so depressed, that so long and so heavy. With the interval variables you think in terms of distance between scores on a straight line. A good example for this is the bank balances.With the interval variables you can add, subtract, multiply and divide and calculate averages scores, which is not possible with ordinal variables. Both the interval variables have reason as set intervals in a measuring unit; but only reason variables include meaningful zero point.Some interval variables can have a zero score, but the zero point is arbitrary; that is, it could be placed anywhere within the possible range of a variable because zero does not mean "no". True zero points reason variables allow greater flexibility in the calculations and statistical analysis (Byrne, 2002). As the interval variables, variables can multiply and divide reason, but can also be calculated reasons. Assume you are the coach of a local sports team. You believe it is possible that drinking orange juice three times per day, for four days each week, might make the players perform better in the game at the weekend. Explain how you could test this hypothesis in each of the following ways: a. As a descriptive non-experimental study b. A quasi experimental study c. An experimental study Which of the studies would give you the firmest evidence of whether your theory is correct? Justify your answers As a descriptive non-experimental study A descriptiveresearchis the onewherethedetails aregatheredwithout swappingthe environment (that is,hardly anymanipulation ) .Commonly known aslike"correlational"or evenresearches"observation ."It is usuallya descriptiveresearchsince"anyresearchwhich is notreallyexperimental ." Inourstudy, a descriptiveresearchmightgivedetails aboutcommonwellnessstatus ,behaviour,actionsor evenadditionalfeaturesof a particular group . Descriptive studiesare likewiseperformedtoestablishassociations orconnectionsbetweenissuesin the environment . In this case a non descriptive study is the most effective . Quasi experimental study Therefore, it is a type of research that shares many of the characteristics of an experiment, but the comparisons in the response of subjects are made between groups 'non-equivalent', ie groups that can differentiate into many other aspects in addition to the 'exposure (Allen, Titsworth, Hunt, 2009)'. The main difficulty will be to distinguish the specific effects of treatment ( 'exposure') of those specific effects that result from the lack of comparability of groups at baseline and during the study, which compromises the internal validity of the study. In case there is no control group, it can not ensure that the changes appeared to be due to the intervention itself, or to other interventions or uncontrolled factors. It is not effective in this case. An experimental study In experimental studies manipulation of a particular exposure in a group of individuals is compared with another group that was not operated, or that is exposed to other intervention occurs. This type of quasi-experimental designs are usually (but not handling randomization exists), in which one or more groups will receive the intervention, while others serve as control. Experimental studies have a carefully designed sufficient sample size, a process suitable randomization, intervention and perfectly controlled monitoring can provide very strong evidence that allow us to study issue judgments about the causal relationships between variables.The validity of this study lies primarily in the random process that make comparable groups the most important variables in relation to the problem to study. Therefore, this type of study is not suitable for this type of study because there are no comparable groups and sample is not large. References Allen, M., Titsworth, S., Hunt, S. (2009).Quantitative research in communication. London: SAGE. Byrne, D. (2002).Interpreting quantitative data. London: SAGE. Cramer, D. (2003).Advanced quantitative data analysis. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open University Press. Csatar, P. (2014).Data Structure in Cognitive Metaphor Research. Frankfurt: Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. Echon, R.Advances in image analysis research. Quantitative research. (2010). [Place of publication not identified].